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Crystals AFOQT > Aviation > Flashcards

Aviation Flashcards

1
Q

Force necessary to overcome gravitational force to keep the airplane flying is termed

A

Lift

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2
Q

Ailerons are used primarily to

A

Roll the airplane

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3
Q

Ailerons are located

A

On the outer edge of the wings

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4
Q

Pitch makes the airplane

A

Go up and down

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5
Q

Bank makes the airplane

A

Roll or turn

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6
Q

The four aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane are

A

Drag, lift, thrust and weight

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7
Q

An airplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relatively

A

Positive (High) air pressure below the wings surface and negative (Low) air pressure above the wings surface

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8
Q

Flight Instruments

A

Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter, Attitude Indicator, and Vertical Velocity Indicator

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9
Q

Engine instruments

A

Tachometer ammeter (battery)

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10
Q

Altimeter

A

Altitude in MSL

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11
Q

Attitude

A

False Horizon

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12
Q

Vertical Velocity

A

How many feet per minute climbing/diving

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13
Q

Tachometer

A

Engine RPMS

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14
Q

Ammeter

A

Batter Power

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15
Q

Forces acting on an aircraft in a steady flight condition (no chance in speed or flight path)

A

Lift equals weight thrust equals drag

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16
Q

A flashing green air traffic signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot

A

Is cleared to taxi

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17
Q

Steady red light signal from the tower to the aircraft approaching to land

A

Continue circling

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18
Q

Flashing red light signal from the tower to aircraft approaching to land

A

Airport is unsafe for landing

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19
Q

Propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other side to

A

Produce thrust

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20
Q

When in the down (extended) position wingflaps provide

A

Greater lift and more drag

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21
Q

What makes an airplane turn

A

Horizontal componenet of lift

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22
Q

What is one advantage of an airplane said to be inherently stable

A

Airplane will require less effort to control

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23
Q

If the elevator trim tabs on the airplane are lowered, the plane will tend to

A

Nose up

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24
Q

The pilot always advances the throttle during a

A

Climb

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25
Q

The pilot of an airplane can best detect the approach of a stall by the

A

Ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator

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26
Q

It is ordinarily desirable to provide an unusually long flight strip at municipal airports for the take-off of

A

Heavily loaded ships in still air

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27
Q

A closed runway is marked on an airfield diagram with

A

X X X

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28
Q

Over run is marked on an airfield diagram with

A

> > >

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29
Q

The rearward retarding force of airplane drag is opposed by

A

Thrust

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30
Q

Cowling is located

A

Around the engine

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31
Q

Airport taxiways are identified at night by omni directional edge lights in what color

A

Blue

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32
Q

If the aircraft ammeter is indicating a minus value, this means the

A

Generator or alternator output is inadequate

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33
Q

The angle formed by the chord of an airfoil and the direction of the relative wind is called the

A

Angle of attack

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34
Q

Aircraft Structure

A

Fuselage Wings (w/ ailerons and flaps) Empennage (tail) Landing Gear Power Plant

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35
Q

Empannage Parts

A

Fixed: Vertical stabilizer and horizontal stabilizer
Moveable: Rudder, elevator, trim tabs

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36
Q

Power Plant Parts

A

Engine Propeller

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37
Q

What does the cowling do

A

Helps cool the engine

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38
Q

Propeller creates

A

Thrust

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39
Q

What does the rudder do

A

Moves the airplane nose left and right

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40
Q

What does the elevator do

A

Moves airplane nose up and down

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41
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

Weather changes help lift airplane, actuates some flight instruments

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42
Q

Air Density

A

Effects airplanes capability

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43
Q

Less dense air

A

reduces power, thrust and lift

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44
Q

Density

A

Increases with altitude

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45
Q

Increase temps

A

Decreases density

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46
Q

Newtons Laws of Motion 1

A

Body at rest remains at rest

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47
Q

Newtons Laws of Motion 2

A

Constant force creates acceleration proportional to mass

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48
Q

Newtons Laws of Motion 3

A

One body exerts force on another, 2nd exerts force equal to 1st but in opposite direction

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49
Q

Magnus Effect

A

Low pressure upward force

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50
Q

Axes of Flight

A

Pitch Roll Yaw

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51
Q

Pitch

A

Lateral Axis (thru wings) Nose and Tail up and down Elevators

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52
Q

Roll

A

Longitudinal Axis (thru body) Wings up and down Ailerons

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53
Q

Yaw

A

Vertical Axis (up and down) Wings side to side Rudder

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54
Q

Rudder

A

Push left pedal, rudder moves left, moves tail to right and nose to the left.

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55
Q

Secondary Flight Controls

A

Flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers and trim devices

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56
Q

Trim Systems

A

Relieve pilot of the need to maintain constant pressure on flight controls

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57
Q

Altimeter Purpose

A

One of most vital instruments in aircraft. Measures where aircraft is at in atmosphere presents as altitude.

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58
Q

Altimeter Hands

A

Short: 10,000’s feet
Middle: 1,000’s feet
Long: 100’s feet

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59
Q

Vertical Speed Indicator VSI or VVI

A

Indicates whether plane is climbing, descending or in level flight

Ex: rate of climb 500fpm

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60
Q

Airspeed Indicator

A

Pressure measured, different colored arcs.
White-Flap operating range
Yellow-Caution range
Red-Never exceed speed

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61
Q

Turn Indicators

A

Like a “level”, if ball is uncentered aerodynamic forces are unbalanced.

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62
Q

Attitude Indicator

A

Miniature airplane and horizon bar. Indicates attitude of airplane relative to the true horizon.

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63
Q

Heading Indicator (aka directional gyro)

A

Basically compass, not affected by flight.

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64
Q

Turn Indicator

A

If aileron and rudder mvmnts are coordinated during turn, ball remains centered.

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65
Q

Magnetic Compass

A

Sets gyroscopic heading indicator. 30 degrees appears as 3.

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66
Q

Basic Flight Maneuvers

A

Straight and Level Turns Climbs Descents

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67
Q

Rudder moves

A

airplanes nose left and right

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68
Q

Aileron moves

A

Airplane wing

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69
Q

Elevator control moves

A

airplane nose up and down

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70
Q

Flying by attitude

A

visually establishing airplanes attitude with reference to natural horizon

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71
Q

Trim

A

Used to relieve all possible control pressures held after desired altitude has been attained

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72
Q

Straight and level flight

A

Main maneuver Constant heading and altitude is maintained Wing tips even with horizon

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73
Q

Level Turns

A

All 4 primary ctrls used (ailerons, elevator, throttle and rudder)

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74
Q

3 Types Level Turns

A

Shallow 20 degrees
Medium 20-45 degrees
Steep 45+ degrees

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75
Q

Empannage (cabin)

A

not considered a major component of an aircraft structure

76
Q

Moving the control wheel or stick to the right will cause the right aileron to

A

Rotate forward

77
Q

If the control wheel or stick is moved forward

A

Airspeed will increase

Aircraft pitch will change

78
Q

If the left rudder is pressed then the aircraft will

A

Yaw

79
Q

Mach refers to

A

Speed of Sound

80
Q

As the radius of a turn decreases the

A

positive g-forces are increased

81
Q

As altitude increases in order to maintain the same amount of lift an aircraft must

A

fly faster

82
Q

If a pilot is instructed to land on Rwy 27 using a straight approach, the heading should be

A

270 degrees

83
Q

When flaps are extended

A

Drag and lift increase

84
Q

Which two flight controls are used to control the rate of a turn

A

Elevator and ailerons

85
Q

An aircraft on a heading of 325 is flying

A

Northwest

86
Q

Under normal VFR conditions how much of a pilots attention should be focused on cockpit instruments

A

10%

87
Q

Large yellow X’s painted on the end of the runway indicate

A

closed runway

88
Q

The axis which extends lengthwise thru the fuselage from the nose to tail is

A

longitudinal axis

89
Q

The transponder code which indicates an in-flight emergency is

A

7700

90
Q

The ctrl system used primarily to relive the pilot from having to maintain constant pressure on the flight controls is the

A

Trim

91
Q

Drag (during climb) requires increase in thrust.

A

Need sufficient thrust to continue climb

92
Q

Climb Types

A

Normal Best rate of climb (Vy) Best angle of climb (Vx)

93
Q

An aircraft instructed to land on Rwy 23L would establish an approach heading of

A

230 degrees

94
Q

The four aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane are

A

Drag, lift, thrust, weight

95
Q

Moving the control stick to the right or left affects which aircraft controls

A

ailerons

96
Q

The tachometer

A

is not a flight instrument

97
Q

Flaps are generally used

A

during takeoff during landings

98
Q

A flashing green air traffic control signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot

A

is cleared to taxi

99
Q

In creating lift

A

the air moving over the wing moves faster than the air moving under the wing

100
Q

The propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other to

A

produce thrust

101
Q

On the ground, an aircraft is steered by

A

pushing the rudder peddles

102
Q

Depressing the left rudder pedal would move the tail of the aircraft

A

right

103
Q

An aircraft on a heading of 300 degrees is heading

A

Northwest

104
Q

Supersonic means

A

Faster than the speed of sound

105
Q

What is the standard weight for gasoline used in aircraft

A

6lbs/gal

106
Q

The pilot of an airplane can best detect the approach of a stall by the

A

ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator

107
Q

What makes an airplane turn

A

horizontal component of lift

108
Q

Larger aircraft generally tend to

A

land on longer runways

109
Q

For runway 23L, what does the L indicate

A

L stands for the left-hand runway at airports with two runways aligned in the same direction

110
Q

Tachometer

A

indicates the speed at which the engine crankshaft is rotating.
Not a flight instrument!

111
Q

Flaps

A

Increase lift and drag.

112
Q

Compass headings

A

360 North 90 East 180 South 270 West

113
Q

Northwest Heading

A

Falls between 270 and 360 degrees

114
Q

When entering a climb from level flight, the weight of the acft

A

results in increased drag

115
Q

Turbulence is caused by

A

convective air currents, obstructions to wind flow, wind shear

116
Q

A minimally safe airspeed descent is principally used

A

when clearing obstacles during landing

117
Q

When in the down (extended) position, wing-flaps provide

A

greater lift and more drag

118
Q

An aircraft must travel __________ at 10,000ft than at 1,000ft

A

faster

119
Q

Are flaps a primary flight control

A

No

120
Q

When a flt is identified as “heavy” it means

A

more than 250,000 pounds of gross weight

121
Q

What does the term yaw mean

A

directional turning from the tail section

122
Q

The IFF on a military aircraft

A

indicates whether an aircraft is an enemy or ally

123
Q

The line on an airspeed indicator to warn that operating above the indicated level is danderous is colored

A

red

124
Q

When taking off into a headwind, the result will be

A

shorter takeoff distance and increased climb angle

125
Q

If the elevator tabs on a plane are lowered, the plane will tend to

A

nose up

126
Q

If one end of a rwy is number 27, what will the other end be

A

09

127
Q

Flaps are generally used

A

during takeoff and landing

128
Q

Air moving over the wing

A

moves faster than the air moving under the wing

129
Q

What is the standard wight for gasoline in the acft

A

6lbs/gal

130
Q

When in the down position, wing flaps provide

A

Increased lift and increased drag.

131
Q

Municipal airports often provide at least one extended or unusually long runway to facilitate the take off of

A

Heavily loaded aircraft in calm conditions.

132
Q

The small hinged section on the elevator of most airplanes is known as the

A

Trim tab.

133
Q

The rearward retarding force on the airplane known as drag is opposed by

A

Thrust

134
Q

At night, airport taxiways are identified by omnidirectional edge lights that are ______ in color

A

Blue

135
Q

A runway with the Approach Lighting System (ALS) would show an incoming pilot

A

A series of lightbars and/or strobe lights extending outward from the runway approach end.

136
Q

The thrust of a turbojet is developed by compressing air in the inlet and compressor, mixing the air with fuel and burning it in the combustor, and

A

Expanding the gas stream through the turbine and nozzle.

137
Q

A ramjet engine consists of

A

An inlet, a combustion zone, and a nozzle.

138
Q

The four forces that act on an aircraft in flight are

A

Lift, gravity, thrust, and drag.

139
Q

For a fixed-wing aircraft, lift is generated _______ to the direction of flight.

A

Perpendicular

140
Q

The angle formed by the chord of an airfoil or wing and the direction of the relative wind is known as the

A

Angle of attack

141
Q

Pitot tubes furnish data to an instrument that is used by aircraft pilots in about the same way that a(n) _____ is used by an automobile driver.

A

Speedometer

142
Q

The part of an airplane that holds the cargo and/or passengers, as well as providing a base for the other aircraft parts, is known as the

A

Fuselage

143
Q

On a conventional fixed-wing aircraft, the _____ maintain(s) pitch and the _____ maintain(s) yaw.

A

Horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizer

144
Q

_____ are additional hinged rear sections mounted to the wing near the body that are deployed downward on takeoff and landing to increase the amount of force produced by the wing.

A

Flaps

145
Q

Which one of the following does not affect density altitude?

A

Wind velocity

146
Q

The degree of movement of an aircraft around its longitudinal axis is known as

A

Bank

147
Q

The Venturi theory of lift says that faster airflow over the curved upper portion of a wing surface causes

A

Decreased pressure according to Bernoulli’s equation.

148
Q

The maneuver in which a rotary-wing aircraft is maintained in nearly motionless flight over a ground reference point at a constant altitude and heading is known as

A

Hovering

149
Q

The ratio of the speed of an aircraft to the speed of sound in the air around it is the aircraft’s

A

Mach number

150
Q

In a level turn, the acceleration experienced by the aircraft and its pilot in the direction perpendicular to the wing is solely determined by the

A

Bank angle

151
Q

The flight envelope of an aircraft is

A

The region of altitude and airspeed in which it can be operated.

152
Q

The locus of points equidistant from the upper and lower surfaces of an airfoil is called the

A

Mean camber line

153
Q

The straight line joining the ends of the mean camber line is called the

A

Wing chord

154
Q

A(n) _____ is the point at which the airflow over the wings ceases to be a smooth (laminar) flow and the wing starts to lose lift.

A

Aerodynamic stall

155
Q

The two basic types of drag are

A

Parasitic and induced

156
Q

An airfoil’s efficiency, either a wing or a rotor blade, is _____ at high altitudes by the _____ air density.

A

Decreased, lesser

157
Q

The degree of movement of an aircraft around is lateral axis is known as

A

Pitch

158
Q

When the flaps are extended, the camber of the wing is

A

Increased

159
Q

A helicopter’s cyclic control is a mechanical linkage used to change the pitch of the main rotor blades

A

At a selected point in its circular pathway

160
Q

When the rotor blades of a helicopter are spinning fast enough in a clockwise direction to generate lift, a phenomenon known as _____ causes the body of the helicopter to have a tendency to turn in a counter-clockwise direction.

A

Torque

161
Q

Pulling back on the control column or joystick of a fixed-wing aircraft will cause the aircraft to

A

Pitch up

162
Q

Contra-rotating propellers, a complex way of applying the maximum power of a single piston or turboprop aircraft engine, uses two propeller

A

Rotating in opposite directions arranged one behind the other

163
Q

The abbreviation VTOL, applied to aircraft other than helicopters, means

A

Vertical Take-Off and Landing

164
Q

Delta wing aircraft have a wing in the form of a triangle, named after the Greek uppercase letter delta, and no

A

Horizontal Stabilizer

165
Q

The Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) is a system of lights designed to provide visual descent guidance information to the pilot during a runway approach. The system uses _____ lights to indicate the upper limits of the glide path and _____ lights for the lower limits.

A

Red, white

166
Q

A biplane has

A

Two wings arranged one above the other.

167
Q

A coordinated turn (change of heading direction) includes both _____ of the airplane.

A

Roll and yaw

168
Q

_____ is induced by use of a movable rudder controlled by _____ in the cockpit.

A

Yaw, rudder pedals

169
Q

Moving the control column or joystick to the left or right affects the _____ rather than indicating the

A

Rate of roll, angle to which the aircraft will roll.

170
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a flight instrument?

A

Tachometer

171
Q

A flashing green ATC signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot

A

Is cleared to taxi.

172
Q

What is the difference between a steady red and a flashing red light signal from the tower to an aircraft approaching to land?

A

A steady red light signals to continue circling and a flashing light signals that the airport is unsafe for landing.

173
Q

The propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other side to

A

Produce thrust.

174
Q

What makes an airplane turn?

A

Horizontal component of lift.

175
Q

If the elevator trim tabs on a plane are lowered, the lane will tend to

A

Nose up

176
Q

The pilot of an airplane can best detect the approach of a stall by the

A

Ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator.

177
Q

What do “X’s” on an airport diagram represent?

A

Closed runway

178
Q

What is the propeller rotated by

A

the engine

179
Q

What is the elevator trim tab

A

a small auxiliary control surface hinged at the trailing edge of the elevators

180
Q

How does the elevator trim tab work

A

the elevator trim tab acts on the elevators which in turn act upon the entire plane

181
Q

The thrust required to maintain straight and level flight at a given airspeed is not sufficient to maintain the same airspeed in climb. True or false?

A

True

182
Q

What happens when speed is reduced

A

the “live” resistance to pressures on the controls becomes less

183
Q

When can the pilot best detect the approach of a stall?

A

when all controls can be moved with almost no resistance and little effect on the airplane

184
Q

True or false? Heavily loaded ships require a shorter ground roll and less space to develop the minimum lift necessary for takeoff.

A

False: Heavy ships require longer ground roll and more space

185
Q

Why is it desirable for municipal airports to provide an unusually long flight strip

A

for heavily loaded ships in still air

186
Q

What is an aileron

A

a hinged surface in the trailing (outer) edge of an airplane wing used to control lateral balance (roll)

Crystals AFOQT (4 decks)

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