Avian Reproduction

Question 1

Receptaculum

Answer 1

site where sperm is stored prior to ejaculation

Question 2

Deferens duct terminates as what within cloaca?

Answer 2

papilla

Question 3

Paracloacal vascular body

Answer 3

Found in association with each receptaculum
Responsible lymphatic tissue that accompanies sexual excitement

Question 4

Ejaculation occurs when

Answer 4

smooth muscle contraction within wall of each receptaculum accompanies aversion of phallus

Question 5

Sperm transport, transport and fertilization

Answer 5

1. Chicken sperm spend prolong period (32) days housed within oviduct sperm storage tubule at uterovaginal junction
2. Transport of sperm to uterovaginal junction is rapid
3. Only possible sperm enter the sperm storage tubules and release of the sperm continously
4. Sperm ascend oviduct by smooth muscle contraction and ciliary activity
5. Semen moved along deferens ducts by peristalsis
6. Accumulate at mucosal fold and short tubular glands at lower end of infundibulum
7. At ovulation, sperm released to fertilize the ovum
8. Sperm make contact with perivitelline layer, acrosomal reaction
   #no capacitation, polysperma

Question 6

Ovary of avian

Answer 6

Medulla - contains connective tissue, blood vessel and nerves
Cortex - has oogonia which give rise to oocyte
HAVE 2 OVARIES AND 2 OVIDUCTS, however later suppression of further development of one side
In most bird, hen only has only left ovary and oviduct

Question 7

Uterus

Answer 7

Adds fluid to the developing egg, secretes the hard shell

Question 8

Granulosa cells

Answer 8

produces primarily progesterone
Also produces prostaglandin for uterine contraction ovoposition

Question 9

Theca interna produce

Answer 9

androgens

Question 10

Theca externa

Answer 10

produce estrogens

Question 11

Ovarian cycle

Answer 11

only follicular phase, no CL as no pregnancy
Ovulation occurs 30-60 mins after oviposition of preceding egg
Due to LH surge, FSH relatively constant throughout cycle

Question 12

Infundibulum

Answer 12

engulf ovulated ovum
site of fertilisation
narrower, glandular portion = chalaziferous region
secretions from this area form an outer perivitelline area and contribute to formation of chalazae
chalaziferous region - known as sperm storage site in infundibulum

Question 13

Magnum

Answer 13

albumin secreting region
longest segment
majority of proteuns which compromise albumin produced in oviductal mucosa
cells of tubular gland appear to produce egg white protein continously and store them in granules which are released as ovum passed

Question 14

Isthmus

Answer 14

Secrete the fibrous inner and outer shell membranes that enclose the contents of the egg
Short section
Forms the shell membrane around developing egg
Provide support for deposition of the hard shell

Question 15

Shell Gland

Answer 15

Pouch like section joined to isthmus
Egg remain in the shell gland for appr. 20 hours
Main process calcilfication
Final - pigmentation and formation of cuticle (Outer layer)
PIgment consist of porphyrin derivatives of hemoglobin metabolism
Cuticle deposited after shell complete just before oviposition