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EXOTICS > Avian Diseases > Flashcards

Avian Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Although birds are typically asymptomatic, what are the main 5 types of clinical signs commonly seen?

A

Lethargy, inappetance, neurological, regurgitating, weight loss

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2
Q

What is the most common fungal disease in captive and wild birds?

A

Aspergillosis caused bby Aspergillus fumigatus

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3
Q

How does a bird contract Aspergillus?

A

Birds generally inhale the spores

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4
Q

True or false: Aspergillosis can be dormant until times of immunosuppression

A

Truuuuuue

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5
Q

Aspergillosis can cause _______ to develop within organ systems

A

granulomas

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6
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Aspergillosis? (There is 6)

A
  • Decreased activity
  • Dyspnea
  • Changes to song
  • PU/PD
  • Seizures
  • Sudden death
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7
Q

Name 1 laboratory finding associated with Aspergillosis (There are 3)

A
  • Heterophilic leukocytosis
  • Non-regenerative anemia
  • Increase in AST
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8
Q

What is the prognosis of Aspergillosis?

A

Poor in birds

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9
Q

Is Aspergillosis zoonotic?

A

No

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10
Q

“Thrush” or “Sour crop” in birds is usually caused by what fungus?

A

Candida albicans

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11
Q

Candida albicans is often found normally in crops of pigeons along with _______

A

trichomonas

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12
Q

What 4 clinical signs are associated with Candidasis?

A

Lethargy, inappetence, regurgitation, undigested food in feces

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13
Q

What is the best test to diagnose Candidasis?

A

Crop swab

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14
Q

Candida mostly effects what 3 parts of the body?

A

Oropharynx, crop and esophagus

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15
Q

Is Candidasis zoonotic?

A

No

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16
Q

The fungus ___________ has an unknown route of transmission and is a large, gram positive organism

A

Macrorhabdus ornithogaster

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17
Q

True or false: Macrorhabdus can resolve itself without treatment

A

False. If left untreated, will result in death

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18
Q

What does Macrorhabdus ornithogaster look like under the microscope?

A

Filamentous bacteria

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19
Q

What are 3 clinical signs associated with Macrorhabdus infection? (There are 6)1

A
  • Lethargy
  • Chronic weight loss
  • Inability to gain weight
  • Regurgitation
  • Undigested food in stool
  • Ruffled feathers
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20
Q

What type of avian disease causes white/yellow plaques in the oral cavity, crop and esophagus?

A

Trichomoniasis (protozoa)

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21
Q

On a wet mount, is it easy or difficult to spot Trichomonas?

A

Easy - they are motile flagellates

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22
Q

What is ABV? What species seems to be resilient to the disease?

A

Avian Bornavirus - budgies are resilient

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23
Q

List 3 ways by which Trichomoniasis can be transmitted

A

Fecal-oral, mucous membrane, vertical transmission

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24
Q

Is ABV zoonotic?

A

No

25
Q

What is PBFDV and what is the technical virus name?

A

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus, also known as circovirus

26
Q

True or false: PBFDV is hard to kill as it is not susceptible to disinfectants and cleaning agents

A

True

27
Q

If the bird is not suffering, why is it still a concern for them to live with PBFDV?

A

The virus causes loss of feathers and this means they cannot fly and must keep their weight under control

28
Q

True or false: Some birds can be carriers of PBFDV and never show signs

A

True

29
Q

What is the most efficient treatment for PBFDV?

A

There is none, the disease is often fatal

30
Q

Which fatal virus replicates in feathers, skin, liver, spleen, kidneys and cerebellum and primarily effects young Psittacines?

A

Polyoma virus

31
Q

Polyoma virus is characterized by what 3 subsequent conditions?

A
  • Generalized hemorrhage
  • Hepatic necrosis
  • Glomerulopathy
32
Q

Is Polyoma typically fatal?

A

Yassss

33
Q

Adult birds that get sick and die from Polyoma virus often have ___________

A

concurrent infections such as PBFDV

34
Q

Birds are the natural reservoir host to ______ virus

A

west nile

35
Q

True or false: Many species of wild birds are effected by west nile virus such as crows, blue jays and prey birds but it is not common in companion birds

A

True

36
Q

West nile virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and __________

A

direct contact with infected animals

37
Q

Is west nile virus zoonotic?

A

Yes (to a degree)

38
Q

What are the 2 main clinical presentations of West Nile in birds?

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Neurological signs such as ataxia, seizures

39
Q

Which avian virus comes in both dry and wet forms?

A

Avian Pox Virus

40
Q

how does the dry form of APV present?

A

wart-like lesions on skin in areas without feathers

41
Q

how does the wet form of APV present?

A

plaques in the mouth, throat, trachea and lungs

42
Q

What 3 main ways is APV transmitted?

A
  1. Mosquitoes
  2. Direct contact w/ infected bird
  3. DIrect contact w/ infected objects (bird feeders)
43
Q

What are 4 main clinical signs of Avian Pox Virus?

A

Dyspnea, dysphagia, weight loss, lethargy

44
Q

Chlamydiosis is zoonotic and causes _______ in humans

A

Psittacosis

45
Q

Chlamydiosis mainly effects the ______ system

A

respiratory

46
Q

True or false: Chlamydiosis in birds is easy diagnosed and DOxycycline is used for treatment

A

False - it is difficult to diagnose

47
Q

Most bird diseases effect their ______

A

liver

48
Q

Which avian disease often causes conjunctivitis and other signs of respiratory disease?

A

Mycoplasma

49
Q

Is Mycoplasma zoonotic?

A

No

50
Q

How long can Marek’s disease survive in soil?

A

Years

51
Q

Marek’s disease is spread through _______ and fomites

A

feather dander

52
Q

True or false: Diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma in birds is easy

A

False. No treatment, often fatal and diagnosis is often done post-mortem

53
Q

What is ILT?

A

Infectious Laryngotracheitis

54
Q

Infectious Laryngotracheitis is a type of _____ virus

A

herpes

55
Q

True or false: Birds with ILT can be seen coughing up blood

A

True

56
Q

What is the most common route for transmission of ILT?

A

Aerosol exposure

57
Q

True or false: ILT is not zoonotic

A

true

58
Q

When birds die of ILT, it is often due to:

A

Asphyxiation from tracheal occlusion

EXOTICS (2 decks)

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