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AHW Module > Avian > Flashcards

Avian Flashcards

1
Q

What names go with these poultry terminologies?
1. Relating to birds
2. A young Hen
3. A young poultry species of bird (M or F)
4. Female bird that’s laying
5. Transition from pullet to hen
6. Adult male chicken
7. Young bird with juvenile plumage
8. Adult male turkey

A
  1. Avian
  2. Pullet
  3. Poult
  4. Hen
  5. Point of lay
  6. Cockerel
  7. Chick
  8. Stag
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2
Q

What is used to transport birds safely?

A

A poultry transport crate

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3
Q

What does WATOK stand for?

A

Welfare
(of)
Animal
(at)
Time
Of
Killing

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4
Q

What weight must a bird be to be euthanised by cervical dislocation?

A

The bird must weigh less that 3kg

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5
Q

How many chickens can you legally hold in one hand if you are holding both their feet so they hang upside down?

A

3 chickens per hand

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6
Q

How would you pick up a commercial duck when catching it?

A

Either like a chicken (two hands over wings and body to lift)

OR

Placing hand at base of ducks neck to lift them ensuring the windpipe is not crushed and then placing a hand under the duck and scoring its legs resting its breast on your palm. Your free arm should secure the wings.

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7
Q

What type of duck requires you to wear gloves?

A

A muscovy duck as they have sharp claws

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8
Q

How would you hold a pet chicken?

A

Pick up confidently from behind
Hold wings against body using hands
Lift
Move arm from cranial end under birds keel and use fingers to restrain legs
Use other hand to hold down wing not against body
Head can be placed under arm or armpit for better restraint

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9
Q

Which enteric commensal (bacteria found in intestines) of the chicken intestinal tract poses the biggest risk of gastrointestinal disease in humans?

A

Campylobacter

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10
Q

Which zoonotic bacterial infection, vertically transmitted in eggs, also causes gastroenteritis in humans?

A

Salmonella

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11
Q

How can you indicate that the hen an egg has come from has been vaccinated against salmonella?

A

The box or egg will have a British red lion stamp

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12
Q

What is prophylactic treatment?

A

Preventative vaccines and medications

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13
Q

What is metaphylatic treatment?

A

Treatment administered after diagnosis of disease/infection to try and control the spread

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14
Q

What are the two main ways to administer antibiotics and anthelmintics to a commercial poultry flock?

A

Orally via food and water allowing the whole flock to be treated

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15
Q

What are the pros and cons of aerosol vaccination?

A

P - Used in hatcheries as allows mass application
C - success relies on those administering spray. It must be given in large droplets, at the correct pressure and with smooth strokes

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16
Q

What are the pros and cons of injection vaccination?

A

P - Can be used to boost antibiotics in older birds (hatchers or layers) and the technology is always advancing
C - Hands-on time consuming process requiring people with lost of experience . Needles and tubes must be clean to prevent injection site infection.

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17
Q

What are the pros and cons of in ovo vaccination?

A

P - Provides early protection for new hatchlings. Labour saving costs as whole tray can be vaccinated in uniform at once. Reduces stress in birds and multiple vaccines can be administered at once.
C - Can only use in large volume hatcheries which must be sanitised to prevent environmental contamination to the eggs which would result in large losses. Only works for a few diseases.

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18
Q

What are the pros and cons of eye drop vaccination?

A

P - Most effective and dye ensures that vaccine has been administered correctly which means it is effective and efficient
C - Highly labour intensive and time consuming as drops are applied to each bird individually and the bird must blink once the drop has been administered so that staining can occur.

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19
Q

Where is the intravenous injection site?

A

Jugular, basilic and medial metatarsal veins

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20
Q

Where is the intramuscular injection site?

A

Pectoral muscles either side of the keel

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21
Q

Where is the subcutaneous injection site?

A

In the back of the neck (OR the inguinal fold OR intramuscularly in breast, thigh or leg)

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22
Q

What is bay cox used for?

A

To treat coccidiosis (caused by protozoa which is a parasite) which is a common gastrointestinal disease in poultry that causes enteritis

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23
Q

What is the withdrawal period for Baycox?

A

Chickens (meat and offal) : 16 days
Turkeys ( “ ) : 16days

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24
Q

When can baycox not be used?

A

In birds producing/intended to produce eggs (can use up to 6 weeks before start of laying) for human consumption

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25
What should a normals chickens posture be like?
Bird should hold its head up and have its wings held in against its body.
26
How should a healthy birds feathers appear?
They should have good coverage with no signs of feather loss or damage. feathers should not appear "fluffed up"
27
What should the comb and wattle look like on a healthy chicken?
It should be bright and red in colour
28
What does abnormal breathing look like on a chicken?
Open-beak breathing, "tail-bobbing" when breathing, noisy respiration
29
What body condition score is considered normal for hens?
BCS 3/5: ideal, keel easily felt with palpable fat, pectoral muscles well developed BCS 2/5: can be normal for laying hens, keel is prominent and easily felt and fat is palpable (space next to keel should never be concave)
30
How can you check the laying status/ sexual maturity of a hen?
By palpating the space between the points of the ischium (pin bones). A two finger width gap indicates a mature laying hen.
31
Do birds have diaphragms?
No, they instead depend on the movement of their keel bone allowing them to breathe.
32
What 4 normal behaviours should the birds environment allow?
Roosting, Laying and brooding, dust bathing, foraging
33
What % of a birds diet should be supplementary feed?
10-15% as otherwise it will cause a nutritional imbalance
34
Can chicken eat kitchen scraps?
No its illegal
35
Why should grit be given to chickens?
It aids digestion of food by aiding the grinding action of the gizzard
36
What do oyster shells contribute to the diet?
They help with calcium supply for egg production
37
What are the 4 classes of birds of prey?
Hawks (long winged) Falcons (short winged) Eagles Owls
38
Why do people keep birds of pray?
For falconry (sports + hunting), as a pet, breeding, in zoos
39
Is a licence required to own and fly captive bred birds of prey in the UK?
No
40
Can wild birds of prey be taken and then released back into the wild?
No, it is illegal and a defra licence must be obtained to take in the bird and then release it again unless it is a vet who is treating the bird and the bird does not fall under Schedule 9.
41
What act/legislation protects and manages wild animals?
Wildlife and countryside act 1981
42
Where in the Wildlife and Countryside act 1981 can non-native species be found?
Schedule 9
43
What are the laws around non-native bird species?
They legally cannot be released or be allowed to escape.
44
Is it illegal to take bird eggs from nests?
Yes
45
What birds of prey need a general licence following Schedule 9?
Barn Owls Northern goshawk Red kite White-tailed eagle
46
What are the most common welfare issues with captive birds of prey?
Poor housing Lack of exercise Incorrect diet Lack of social interaction with humans and/or other birds of prey
47
What is an alymeri/anklet? What is the purpose of a Jesse? What is the purpose of a swivel? What is the purpose of a leash?
Leather strap around birds leg Jesse attached to anklet for handler to hold to tether bird Swivel is attached between the anklet and Jesse to stop the jesses from tangling around the birds leg or handles hand The leach attaches to bird to a tether when not being handled etc.
48
What is flight weight?
The ideal (lowest) weight a bird can be for flying that allows optimal performance
49
What are the 3 meanings of the word 'cast'? What does 'cast off' mean? What does 'casting' mean? What does 'foot (or footing) mean?
1. method of holding bird for examination 2. to regurgitate a pellet 3. two+ birds flown together released from fist indigestible part of diet when bird strikes with feet
50
What does this terminology mean? Imping- Mutes- Manned- Mews- Hood-
Replacement of damaged feathers or gluing a new tip onto broken ones to increase flying precision Dropping/faeces Bird that is tame and used to humans Building that bird us kept/trained in Leather cap over birds face to calm them
51
What are the two common, basic bird of prey keeping systems?
1. Tethered on blocks or perches (usually temporary) 2. Aviaries (or free lofting)
52
What are 2 perch types? What are 3 perch surfaces?
Bow OR Block astroturf OR nylon rope OR natural material (e.g bark, cork ect)
53
What do birds of prey eat?
Entire carcasses which they regurgitate the feathers, fur and bones from as these are indigestible
54
What must you ensure the bird of prey has done after feeding before it can be fed again and why?
Must ensure the bird has past a cast/pellet otherwise. feeding it again could cause a gastrointestinal blockage
55
What is the Ca:P ratio needed for growing birds and then adults?
Growing Birds - 2:1 Adults - 1.5:1
56
What must you ensure before handling any birds of prey even when sick?
That the bird has been casted, its legs are restrained, it has a leather cap on, it can still breathe (use towel over gauntlets to ensure its not being held too tight)
57
What is pododermatitis?
58
What is the scientific name for chicken?
GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS
59
What do chicken come from? What are some of their qualities?
Grey and red jungle fowl Live in woods and forests (dontlipe open spaces) Small groups with large hierarchies (don't like large groups)
60
Ancona
61
Araucana
62
Australorp
63
Black Orpington
64
Brown Leghorn
65
Sultan
66
Columbian Wyandotte
67
Pekin
68
Silkie
69
Yokohama
70
What poultry organisation safeguard the interests all pure and traditional breeds of poultry (chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys)?
The poultry club (founded 1877)
70
What is the name of the association of enthusiasts interested in keeping, breeding and conserving all kinds of waterfowl including wildfowl, domestic ducks and geese?
The British waterfowl association
71
Modern broiler appearance
72
What does the British poultry council do/govern?
- trade association for the poultry meat industry - information on poultry related topics including poultry breeding, meat, chicken production, poultry farming, transportation - participate in research on poultry health, welfare and food safety - develop codes of practice and assurance relating to all aspects of rearing and processing poultry for meat
73
What is the aim for poultry management?
- user friendly building and equipment - best genetic stock for performance, health and welfare - feed that gives maximum nutritional benefit for minimal input cost - financially and ecologically sustainable - consolidation ans standardisation - superior environmental control ultimate production goal is optimal utilisation of resources (reduces cost and impact on environment)
74
What % of feed costs make up the production cost for eggs and meat? How much feed is milled annually in the UK? What must feed companies comply with?
70 - 75% 6 million tonnes Universal Feed Assurance Scheme
75
What are birds 6 main nutritional requirements?
Energy Water (twice what they get in feed) Essential amino acids Minerals Vitamins Other nutrients and additives
76
At what age are broilers culled for consumption?
36-38 days old - before reaching sexual maturity
77
What is the optimum temperature broilers should be kept at post brood (trying to have and hatch eggs)? What is the optimum nutrient/energy concentration?
21ºC 13.5Mj/Kg
78
LIGHTING REGIME According to DEFRA in the UK: You must make sure that within 7 days of placing chickens in the building and until 3 days before the expected time of slaughter, lighting must:
- Follow a 24hr rhythm cycle (at least 8 hrs a day of artificial lighting) - Include periods off darkness that are at least 6 hrs long - Have at least 1 period of uninterrupted complete darkness of at least 4 hours
79
How many broilers are kept in an average sized house? How many of these houses do farms usually have? Do they have an outside area? What kind of groups are they kept in?
30,000 6-8 Very unusual to be free range, only a small % "as hatched" pr in sexed groups
80
What is different between keeping broilers and layers and what is the same?
Different: house conditions, so temperature and feed compositions Same: Basic husbandry, biosecurity and hygiene
81
How heavy are chucks when they arrive on a broiler farm?
50g
82
Modern Layer Appearance
83
How self-sufficient is the UK in their egg production? How many do they UK produce?
86% of eggs consumed in the UK are from the UK 10,782 (consume 12,930 eggs)
84

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