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Level 3 Year 2 > Avian > Flashcards

Avian Flashcards

1
Q

Beak function

A

External structure that allows preening, display and basic mechanical digestion

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2
Q

Hyoid apparatus

A

Bone and attached musculature that allows manipulation of food items within the beak

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3
Q

Oesophagus

A

Thin walled tube with longitudinal folds and mucous glands to allow the swallowing of large food items

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4
Q

Crop

A

Food storage site in grainivores, has a muscular splinter to control food entry

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5
Q

what is the process of Avian respiration

A

during inhalation 1 air enters the trachea and flows to the posterior air sac, in exhalation 1 the air flows from the posterior airsack to the patabronchi and lungs. This is where gas is exchanged from oxygen to carbon dioxide. The air then flows from the parabronchi and lungs to anterior air sac in inhalation 2 where it then travels back into the trachea to exit the birds body. This is called exhalation 2

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6
Q

definition of granivore/ type of beak/ example bird

A

Bird eat grains/ Short, stout, strong beaks/ examples sparrows, goldfinches, small parrot, pigeons

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7
Q

definition of carnivore/ type of beak/ example bird

A

eat meat/ curved beaks with sharp tips/ eagles and hawks

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8
Q

Definition of insectivore/ type of beak/ example bird

A

Eats insects/ narrow, pointed hooked beaks/ wrens and warblers

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9
Q

Definition of nectarivore

A

eats nectar/ long thin, curved, specialised tounges

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10
Q

softbills definiton

A

eat soft food, nectar fruit and insects. Beaks are smaller and less powerful

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11
Q

hookbills

A

curved beaks. diet is hard seeds and nuts. eg parrot

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12
Q

new caste disease/ symptoms/ treatment/ zoonotic and notifiable?

A

symptoms: respiratory difficulties, diarrhoea, nervous twitches
treatment: vaccination
Not zoonotic
Yes its notifiable

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13
Q

Avian influenza disease/ symptoms/ treatment/ zoonotic and notifiable?

A

symptoms: diarrhoea, difficulty breathing, decreased appetite
treatment: vaccination
zoonotic: Yes
Notifiable: Yes

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14
Q

West Nile fever disease/ symptoms/ treatment/ zoonotic and notifiable?

A

Symptoms: Reduced mobility, stumbling, weakness.
Treatment: None
Notifiable: Yes
Zoonotic: Yes

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15
Q

Paramyxovirus disease/ symptoms/ treatment/ zoonotic and notifiable?

A

Mainly found in pigeons
Symptoms: Green diarrhoea, loss of appetite, reluctance to move
treatment: vaccination
zoonotic: No
Notifiable: Yes

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16
Q

proventriculus/stomach

A

creates an acid environment for digestion. elastic organ with thick mucosal lining

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17
Q

gizzard

A

mechanical digestion

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18
Q

duodenum

A

where digestive enzymes from pancreas and bile from liver are released

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19
Q

jejunum

A

runs from the duodenum to close to the egg sac. part of the small intestine

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20
Q

illeum

A

runs from the egg sac to the start of the caeca. Part of the intestine

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21
Q

What prouces processing waste?

A

Kidney

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22
Q

What are the kidneys functions? (2)

A

excretes water and metabolic waste
Regulates PH balance in birds body

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23
Q

Birds do not produce urine, what do they produce?

A

Uric acid

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24
Q

What are the three sections of the cloaca?

A

Coprodeum- where faeces are stored
urodem- where faeces empty
proctodeum- faeces and urine are excreted in the vent

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25
Q

What is the function of coprodeum

A

Faeces is stored

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26
Q

What is the function of the urodeum

A

Where The ureter empties

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27
Q

What is the function of proctodeum

A

Where feaces and urine are mixed before being excreted through the vent

28
Q

What are battery cages?

A

Housing system for animal production. Mainly for egg laying hens

29
Q

What are flights?

A

Large area birds can fly in, usually a walk in

30
Q

What are free lofts?

A

Typically for pigeons, outdoor enclosure with shelter, nests around

31
Q

What are avaries

A

Large outdoor enclosure, usually a mixed species enclosure

32
Q

What are mews

A

Stand alone enclosure completely enclosed

33
Q

what is a weathing yard

A

Open area birds safley spend time in for good weather

34
Q

What substrate do birds need?

A

bird sand, corn based litter, woodchip/shavings,newspaper

35
Q

what is used for preening

A

dirt and sand

36
Q

what vitamin and mineral do chickens need for healthy eggs?

A

Calcium and vitamin D3

37
Q

what is the sternum (breastbone) function?

A

supports the muscles
for raising/lowering
wings during flight

38
Q

What is the function of Tarsometatarsus

A

extended
fusion of the foot bones,
useful for running, landing
and take off

39
Q

what is humerus

A

short and stout, needs
to be strong to bear force from
wings

40
Q

what is the supracoracoideus muscle?

A

Responsible for lifting wings

41
Q

What does coracoid do

A

providing structural support to the shoulder girdle.

42
Q

what is a honey comb structure and why do birds have it?

A

Makes bones lighter which helps less stress for flying, they also have air sacs that help the birds respiratory system

43
Q

What does pneumatic mean?

A

pneumatic refers to bones that are filled with air spaces, making them lightweight yet strong. These pneumatic bones are connected to the bird’s respiratory system through air sacs.

44
Q

What are phallangies?

A

apart of birds feet and wings

45
Q

What is keel?

A

It serves as an attachment point for the powerful flight muscles

46
Q

what is the uncinate process?

A

Uncinate processes are bony projections found on the ribs of birds, helps strengthn the ribcage

47
Q

what are 4 breeding triggers in birds?

A

seasonality
correct enviroment
presence of mates
nesting materials

48
Q

What is an example of a chicken diet?

A
  • chicken feed
  • in the wild seeds, berrys
  • healthy treats: super mix corn
49
Q

what parasite causes malaria in penguins and west nile fever in us?

A

mosquitoes

50
Q
A
51
Q

what parasite can transmit blood borne parasites, causes weightloss, reduced egg production and anemia?

A

gnats

52
Q

What is the word when a female and male bird look the same?

A

Sexual monomorphism

53
Q

what parasite is caused by feather chewing?

A

lice

54
Q

what parasite causes cell debris and scaley beak

A

mites

55
Q

What parasite hides in small spaces and causes anemia and weakness mainly in pigeons, raptors and some parrots

A

dermanyssus (red feather mites)

56
Q

what parasite can transmit bacteria as well as blood borne parasites and viruses?

A

ticks

57
Q

what is wing tip oedema?

A

when wings become swollen due to fluid from cold temperatures

58
Q

what makes it hard for birds to breathe?

A

frounce

59
Q

what supplements do birds need?

A
  • calcium
  • vitamin D3 and magnesium
60
Q

what does calcium do?

A

egg production and bones

61
Q

what does vitamin d3 and magnesium do for birds?

A

helps calcium absorption

62
Q

signs of ill health

A
  • not preening
  • feather plucking
  • walking in circles (pacing)
  • unusual smell or droppings
  • changes in personality
  • poor response to stimuli
63
Q

what beak illnesses are there?

A
  • overgrown
  • scissors (vit d3 or calcium deficiency)
  • prognathism
64
Q

What is jesses? whats it used for?

A

leather straps used for raptors

65
Q

what are anklets?

A

placed on the bird to allow jesses to be looped through

66
Q

what is a swivel?

A

metal connecter that allows leash and jesses to move independantly

Level 3 Year 2 (5 decks)

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