Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Level 3 Year 2 > Aqautics > Flashcards

Aqautics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 classes of fish?

A

Agnatga, ostiechthyes, chordrichthyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Features of agnatha and give a example fish

A

Jawless fish, no paired fins, worm like, no stomach (have distinct gut. Examples include hagfish and lampreys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Features of ostiechthyes and examplee

A

Bony fish, spindle, oval and flattened shaped, some have lungs examples include lobe finned and ray finned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Features of chordrichtyes fish and examples

A

Cartilagious fish (Jawed vertebrates), paired fins and scales, no swim bladder, eggs or live young, skeleton made up of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name all 6 fins fish have and their function

A

Dorsal- used for stability
Adipose- improves ability to move in turbulent water (not all fish have it)
Caudal- used for forward propulsion and steering
Anal- single centrally placed for stability
Pelvic- paired fins used for stability and for stopping
Pectoral- paired fins used for turning left and right and contracting depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a lateral line?

A

A sensory system made up of mechanoreceptors (which is a sense organ that detects mechanical stimuli) called neuromasts. These neuromasts detect movement and pressure changes. Simple definiton- how fish feel their environment, they used it for detecting food, avoiding prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many lateral lines do fish have?

A

They have 2 on each side of their body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do fish need mucus?

A

nest building
Used as a defense for predators
Reduces drag
Helps gas exchange
Protects languish in dry seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 6 different types of fish mouths

A

Superior mouth - Orentated upwards. They are usually surface feeders

Inferior mouth- orientated downwards, usually bottom feeders eg catfish

Terminal mouth- straight forward, mouth is in middle of the head, midwater fish and feed on other fish eg barbs

Elongated mouth- elongated snout used to access small crevices or dig through substrate. Eg pencil fish

Sucker mouths- used to suck algae off objects and substrate eg catfish

Beak like mouth- teeth fused together eg parrot fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dentition

A

The type, number and arrangement of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of livers and production of bile

A

all fish have livers. It is the storage of vitamins and minerals. The production of bile aids digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is fish mucus

A

The outer skin (epidermis) contains mucus glands which secrete mucus which gives fish their slippery feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is fish mucus

A

The outer skin (epidermis) contains mucus glands which secrete mucus which gives fish their slippery feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes fish shiny?

A

Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what’s involved with water quality?

A

refers to levels of physical particulates (dirt, waste ect) chemical balance (nitrogen cycle, toxins) ph, and microorganisms present in the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why is tap water bad for aquariums

A

Contains chlorine and chloramine (e pathogens in potable water) it causes gills to corrode making them less efficient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how can you make tap water safe?

A

must be removed with dechlorinator or left exposed for at least 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 4 pollutants harmful in tanks in order

A

Ammonia
Nitrite
Nitrate
Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

whats ammonia normal level (nh3)

A

0.0-0.25mg/L
Should have no ammonia when it’s been cycled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is nitrite level and consequences if it is in a tank (no2)

A

kills fish, gasping for oxygen, death by suffocation, needs to be level 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nitrate level

A

Normal level 0-40mg/L
Nitrate encourages algae so needs to be low
Less toxic then ammonia and nitrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nitrate level

A

Normal level 0-40mg/L
Nitrate encourages algae so needs to be low
Less toxic then ammonia and nitrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phosphate- faeces

A

From tap water and fish waste
Lots of exposure to light (daylight or light tubes) and infrequent water changes
Solve: clean filter and media, do a water change and add plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Phosphate- faeces

A

From tap water and fish waste
Lots of exposure to light (daylight or light tubes) and infrequent water changes
Solve: clean filter and media, do a water change and add plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do gills work

A

Fish breathe through gills
Gpercular are flaps are skin that protect the gills
Water leaves through the operculum
Water flows over the gills
Water flows in through the mouth

26
Q

What’s the function of fish scales

A

For protection from predation, helps injuries from other fish and objects helps avoid parasites and reduces drag

27
Q

What’s the function of fish scales

A

For protection from predation, helps injuries from other fish and objects helps avoid parasites and reduces drag

28
Q

How do you clean a tank

A

Move fish
Turn off equipment
Clean gravel with a gravel vacuum
Remove algae with sponge
Remove water 15% each week or 25% every fortnight
Clean filter media with old water to keep bacteria
Add new water prepared separately dechlorinated
Turn equipment back on when it’s all done, check fish behaviour, lights switch on

29
Q

How do you clean a tank

A

Move fish
Turn off equipment
Clean gravel with a gravel vacuum
Remove algae with sponge
Remove water 15% each week or 25% every fortnight
Clean filter media with old water to keep bacteria
Add new water prepared separately dechlorinated
Turn equipment back on when it’s all done, check fish behaviour, lights switch on

30
Q

What is a bacteria disease/ symptoms and treatment

A

Fin rot/ symptoms- torn fins, swelling and redness/ treatment: medication, isolated tank, regular water changes

31
Q

What is a fungi disease/ symptoms and treatment

A

Cotton wool disease/ symptoms: fluffy white patches, loss os appetite/ treatment: isolation, medication

32
Q

what is a nematode disease/ symptoms and treatment

A

camallanus/ symptoms: thread like worms from anus, loss of appetite/ treatment: medication

33
Q

What are the protozoa diseases /symptoms and treatments (3 IN TOTAL)

A

Trichodina/ symptoms: scales and gill damage, excessive mucus/ treatment: salt baths and high quality food

ich (white spot)/ symptoms: raised white spots, gasping at water surface, scraping body on objects/ treatments: medication and quarantine new fish and plants

costia/ symptoms: excessive mucus, grey patches/ treatment: medication, quarantine new fish.

34
Q

what is a digenea/monogae disease/ symptoms/ treatments

A

flukes/ symptoms: irritation, monogae causes weight loss/ treatment: medication

35
Q

what is the ph optimum range

A

7.5

36
Q

what issues can happen if ph temp is not correct

A

stress to fish, lower oxygen levels, breeding issues, potential diseases like fin rot

37
Q

what are the 4 types of tank set ups

A

freshwater
saltwater
temperate
brackfish

38
Q

what are the 4 pollutants in an aquarium

A

nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia

39
Q

What are the steps of the nitrogen cycle

A

nitrogen is introduced in fish food, ammonia is excreted by fish, ammonia is converted to nitrite by nitrosomonas, nitrite is converted to nitrate by nitrobacter, nitrate is used by the plants as a fertiliser, ammonia is then produced by decomposing organic debris (food and plants)

40
Q

What are the benefits of live plants over artificial plants

A

improves water quality
improves oxygen control
improves algae control

41
Q

What do aqarium records include?

A

Species and numbers​

Age​

Sex​

Births/deaths​

Arrival date/removal date​

Destination​

Source of new livestock​

Diseases/treatments​

Water change dates​

Water test readings (temperature, date, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, pH)

42
Q

what is Aquarimate?

A

An app that can be used by private hobbyists as well as professionals (like a mini ZIMS!)​​

Record input​​

43
Q

what are wholesalers?

A

Wholesalers sell goods in bulk quantities to smaller businesses, often at low prices

44
Q

What are commercial fish farms?

A

Commercial aquarium fish farms use a variety of breeding methods and equipment in order to supply millions of fish to facilities around the world​

45
Q

What are specialist breeders?

A

Breed a small number of species but produce large amounts of them

46
Q

What are hobbyists?

A

Breed for fun not for profit.

47
Q

what are the 4 ways we capture fish from the wild and how?

A

chase and net- fish are shepherded into a handheld net using a paddle. stop nets are used and fish are picked out by hand

hand picked- fish are picked by hand

traps- set with bait

active netting

diving

48
Q

what are the 7 examples of private and public ways you can see fish?

A

private- breeders/suppliers, home/office aqariums, commercial farming (raising fish in cp,,ercial tanks and ponds for the purpose to produce food)
**Public- **public aqariums, zoos, pet shops and recreational (fishing lakes, ponds and sports related)

49
Q

what does the zoo licence act 1981 stand for?

A

The Zoo Licensing Act 1981 is a UK law that regulates zoos to ensure animal welfare, conservation efforts, and public safety through licensing and regular inspections.

50
Q

what does the import of live fish act 1980 stand for?

A

regulates the import, keeping, and release of live fish, shellfish, and their eggs or milt.

51
Q

pet animals act 1951

A

regulates the sale of pet animals. It requires anyone keeping a pet shop to obtain a license from the local authority and ensures that animals are kept in suitable conditions, provided with adequate food and drink, and protected from infectious diseases

52
Q

c

considerations to the location of a aqarium

A

proximity to power
proximity to water
proximity to light/windows
waste disposal
passsing traffic/vibrations
noise
air quality

53
Q

what is egg scattering and what are the pros and cons?

A

Eggs are released by the female and scattered
pros- soil improvement, increased genetic diversity, reduced predator risk
cons- limited parental care, competition, enviromental risks

54
Q

what is egg depositors and what are the pros and cons?

A

Clear away a space (hidden or open)
pros- parental care is shown, natural breeding, increased survival rates
cons- predator risks, competition

55
Q

what is mouth brooders pros and cons?

A

A type of egg depositor
pros- protection, parental care
cons- stress on parents, extra predator risk

56
Q

what is nest building and the pros and cons?

A

egg depositor, eggs are fertilised externally
pros- protection from young, parental care
cons- energy consumption, predator risks

57
Q

What is substrate brooding and pros and cons?

A

egg burying in substrate
pros- protection for eggs, increased survival rates
cons- poor gas exchange, parental stress (eggs cant be monitored)

58
Q

what is live bearing and pros and cons?

A

fertilisation is internal
cons- no parental care, high energy consumption
pros- survival rates higher, genetic diversity

59
Q

what is sequential hermapharites pros and cons?

A

when an individual changes sex
pros- reproductive flexability, population balance
cons- vulnerable to diseases, risk of sex change failure

60
Q

what are a few examples of sourcing livestock

A
  • wholesale
  • importers
  • farms
  • specialist breeders
  • hobbyists
61
Q

What are the 4 aquatic systems and what are their differences

A
  • freshwater
  • marine
  • Estuarine Systems
  • brackfish
  • salt quantity is different, different resoruces
62
Q

what are the three types of filtration ysed in aquaria

A
  • mechanical - removes solid particles
  • chemicals- removes dissolved contaminants
  • biological- relies on beneficial bacteria to break down harmful substances like ammonia and nitrite

Level 3 Year 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions