Avant Garde - Cubism, Constructivism, Dadaism

Question 1

What is Avant Garde?

Answer 1

People or works that are experimental, radical or unorthodox, with respect to art, culture and society.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of Avant Garde?

Answer 2

Nontraditional, aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability.

Question 3

What does it mean being Avant Garde?

Answer 3

It means exploring new artistic methods in order to produce better art.

Question 4

What are the Avant Garde Movements?

Answer 4

1. Abstract Expressionism
2. Constructivism
3. Cubism
4. Dadaism
5. De Stijl
6. Expressionism
7. Fauvism
8. Futurism
9. Impressionism
10. Minimal Art
11. Conceptual Art
12. Pop Art
13. Surrealism
14. Symbolism

Question 5

Who created Cubism? 1905 - 1908

Answer 5

Pablo Picasso and George Braque

Question 6

What did Pablo Picasso and George Braque want to emphasise?

Answer 6

The two-dimensionality of the canvas.

Question 7

What movement within the Avant Garde was considered the most intellectual one?

Answer 7

Cubism

Question 8

What is Analytic Cubism?

Answer 8

1. Simplified and abstracted nature.
2. Not abstract art.
3. Examined the subject and translated it into flat geometric shapes, angles and lines.

Question 9

What is Synthetic Cubism?

Answer 9

1. Simple shapes and bright colours
2. Wide variety of unrelated materials
3. Simpler lines and shapes

Question 10

Who made this and what kind of Cubism is it?

Answer 10

Georges Braque - Mandora

Analytical Cubism

Question 11

Who made this and what kind of Cubism is it?

Answer 11

Pablo Picasso - Girl with mandolin

Analytical Cubism

Question 12

Who made this and what kind of Cubism is it?

Answer 12

Pablo Picasso

Synthetic Cubism

Question 13

What is Constructivism?

Answer 13

An artistic and architectural movement in Russia from 1914 onward.

Question 14

What did Constructivism dismiss?

Answer 14

It dismissed “Pure” art in favour of art used as an instrument for social purposes, namely, the construction of the socialist system.

Question 15

Who made these pieces of Constructivist art?

Answer 15

Alexander Rodchenko

Question 16

Who made these pieces of Constructivist art?

Answer 16

El Lissitzky

Question 17

Where did the artistic, literary movement “Dadaism” begin?

Answer 17

Switzerland

Question 18

What was Dadaism a reaction to?

Answer 18

It arose as a reaction to WWI and the nationalism that many thought had led to the war.

Question 19

What other Avant Garde movements influenced Dadaism?

Answer 19

Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, and Expressionism

Question 20

What was the output of Dadaism?

Answer 20

It’s output was wildly diverse, ranging from performance art to poetry, photography, sculpture, painting, and collage.

Question 21

[Key Idea] What was the focus of artists in the Dada movement?

Answer 21

Not creating aesthetically pleasing objects, but making work that generated difficult questions about society, the rold of the artist, and the purpose of art.

Question 22

Why did Dada artists use readymade objects with little manipulation?

Answer 22

To force questions about artistic creativity, the very definition of art and its purpose in society

Question 23

Dada was not art, what was it?

Answer 23

It was anti-art; Dada sought to fight art with art.

Question 24

Answer 24

Dada

Designer: Tristan Tzara

Question 25

Answer 25

Helmut Herzfeld (1891 -1968),

John Heartfield

Question 26

Answer 26

Merz was published and designed by Kurt Schwitters

Question 27

Answer 27

Marcel Duchamp,

Fountain 1917

Question 28

Answer 28

Marcel Duchamp,

L.H.O.O.Q, 1919

Question 29

Answer 29

Raoul Hausmann - Mechanical Head

Question 30

Answer 30

Raoul Hausmann - ABCD (Self-Portrait)

A Photomontage from 1923-24