Autumn 1 - dynamic development in Zambia Flashcards
what is a top down strategy
where decisions about development are made by Governments
what is a bottom up strategy
A bottom-up strategy is an approach where decisions are made by charities to a community or small area
what strategy was the Kariba dam in Zambia?
top down
what are some advantages of the kariba dam
-Hydroelectric power is a renewable form of energy that does not produce CO2 emissions
-Hydroelectric power from the dam generates 40% of the countries electricity
-the Kariba dam created one of the largest artificial lakes behind the concrete wall. This created opportunities for such things as fishing water sports and swimming.
what are some disadvantages of the Kariba Dam
-57,000 Tonga people, mostly farming families were moved from the Zambezi valley. Many were moved to less fertile land leading to hunger and famine
-communities north and south of Lake Kariba are cut off from each other with some not having any electricity at all
what is top down aid
top down aid is given by the government and paid for by taxes. It can be given by multiple countries or be given by one government to another, often something is expected back
what strategy is room to read?
bottom up
what is the background of room to read
-In zamia the drop out rates from schools among girls are much higher than boys (2:1)
-this is mainly for cultural reasons as girls are expected to work in the home and to earn money to support the family
-girls are sometimes forced into early marriage or become pregnant at which point they are forced to leave school
-class sizes vary between 40-50 students which means Zambia’s education system is very poor compared to other African countries
what are advantages of room to read
-improving education or healthcare has long term effects on improving literacy and life expectancy
-libraries have been added to many schools across southern Zambia
-summit to reduce child marriages has led to focus on girls being better educated
what are disadvantages of room to read
-there is a reliance of volunteers and money from aid. if either one of these is lost then projects can fail
-23% of rural primary school children are out of school compared to 9% in urban areas
-only heavily focussed on southern and eastern Zambia
what is bottom up aid
when bottom up development strategies are funded and carried out by local communities in cooperation with non - government organisations (NGOs)
