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ATPL Instruments > Autopilot > Flashcards

Autopilot Flashcards

1
Q

What do the flight directors do

A

Help us make aircraft do what we want

Shows control input direction and magnitude required to follow trajectory

No scale

DOES NOT SHOW DISPLACEMENT

Must be followed if on

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2
Q

What are the flight director modes

A

Roll:
Heading
LNAV
VOR/LOC

Pitch :
Level change 
VNAV
Glide slope
Vertical speed 
Alt hold
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3
Q

What is flight director active mode

A

Green

Current parameter

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4
Q

What is flight director mode armed

A

White with smaller font

Automatically engaged when within tolerance

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5
Q

What is flight director mode reversion

A

Automatic change of mode

Loss of guidance

Change of parameter during capture

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6
Q

What does a autopilot control

A

Roll
Pitch
Rudder = required for autoland and balanced turns = NOT a yaw damper

Simplest form = maintains a set bank

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7
Q

What is a open loop

A

No feedback = no measures response
= likely to lead to oscillations / loss of control
= not suitable for autopilots

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8
Q

what is a closed loop

A

Feedback = measured response
= used for autopilots
= May enter into self induced oscillations

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9
Q

What do you do if the autopilot misbehaves

A

Disconnect

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10
Q

What is the autopilot inner loop

A

Basic stability reference a datum

Provides aircraft control

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11
Q

What is autopilot outer loop

A

Pilots selection of parameter

Adjust datum for inner loop

Provides aircraft guidance

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12
Q

What is the autopilot piloting signal

A

Compared where you are to where you want to be

Input to autopilot computer

Epsilon

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13
Q

What is the autopilot controlling signal

A

Output from autopilot computer

Beta Charlie

Subject to control laws = never have more than x° angle of bank

Control law for fly by wire less restrictive than control laws for autopilot

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14
Q

What is automatic synchronisation

A

Ensures smooth engagement of autopilot

Operates when autopilot is off

Prevents snatching of controls

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15
Q

What is autotrim

A

Operates when autopilot is engaged

Ensures a smooth disconnect

No change to aircraft trajectory

When autopilot drops out = nothing happens

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16
Q

What happens when manual trim is used when autopilot is on

A

Disconnects

17
Q

What fluid is inside of a actuator

A

Hydraulic

18
Q

What is an actuator

A

Converts electrical signals to motions

19
Q

What are the 2 types of actuator

A

Series:
Control column remains static

Parallel type:
Control column moves with surface movement

20
Q

What is autothrust controlled by

A

controls engines through FADEC

fuel authority digital engine control

21
Q

What autothrust modes are “thrust fixed”

A 
TOGA 
N1
MCT 
IDLE 
ARM
22
Q

What autothrust modes does thrust change

A

Speed

23
Q

What is pitch priority

A

Pitch channel fixed to parameter

Thrust controls speed

V/s, g/s, ALT, VNAV

May be mismanaged

24
Q

What is speed priority

A

Thrust at fixed setting

Pitch controls speed

Level change, stall reverence speed, open climb, open descent

Speed “safe”

Vertical speed may become excessive

25
Q

How will the autopilot intercept a localiser

A

Will overshoot the centre like slightly to create a positive interception

26
Q

When approach is engaged how many autopilots are on

A

2 for redundancy

27
Q

What is fail operational

A

2 or more autopilots

If only 2 then there is a 3rd monitoring circuit

If 1 autopilot fails = now fail passive

28
Q

What is fail passive

A

One autopilot

No redundancy

If autopilot fails = manual flight

Lowest cat after failure = CAT 1

29
Q

What is alert height

A

The height that below which most earnings will be silenced

30
Q

What warnings will still be heard below alerts height

A

Ils drop out

Rad alt failure

If both autopilots fail

31
Q

What is the datums for autoland

A

Rad alt

Ils

32
Q

What is control wheel steering (CWS)

A

Autopilot is engaged

Using autopilot actuators to move control surfaces

Pilot provides piloting signal

Still subject to control laws

Appropriate modes must be engaged afterwards

33
Q

What is touch control steering (TCS)

A

Autopilot is put on “hold” / “ pause”

Using normal control actuators

Autopilot reverts to previous modes afterwards

ATPL Instruments (18 decks)

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