Autonomic System - Sufaro

Question 1

Where is the sympathetic innervation to the heart?

What is the result of injury to these fibers?

Answer 1

Preganglionic: T1-T5

Neurogenic shock: hypertension and BRADYcardia

Question 2

What are the cranial nerves associated with parasympathetic innervation and what are their nuclei?

Answer 2

3 - Edinger Westphal (constrict pupils)

7 - Superior salivatory (to pterygopalatine, sublingual and submandibular ganglia)
Lacrimal (through pterygopalatine ganglion)

9 - Inferior salivatory (to otic ganglion)

10 - Dorsal Motor (to intramural ganglia within or adjacent to visceral organs)

Question 3

What is Vernet Syndrome?

Answer 3

AKA Jugular Foramen Syndrome

Affects CN IX, X and XI

Loss of afferent gag reflex, taste sensation in posterior third of tongue, loss of carotid sinus reflex

Laryngeal paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia and dysphonia (hoarseness), palatal paralysis and loss of efferent gag reflex

Weakness of SCM and upper trapezius muscles (shoulder droop)

Question 4

What is in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 4

Viscerosensory input

Intermediolateral nucleus

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons (GVE)

Question 5

Summary of systemic effect of parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation

Answer 5