Autonomic Physiology Flashcards
Afferent nerves
sensory nerves ( PNS -> CNS)
Efferent nerves
motor nerves (CNS->PNS)
what are the two divisions of the PNS
Autonomic (involuntary) and Somatic (voluntary)
what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic and sympathetic
sympathetic nervous system
Orchestrates the stress response and energy consumption associated with ‘fight or flight’
parasympathetic nervous system
regulates functions which are restorative and energy conserving - ‘rest and digest’
In the control of homeostasis a negative feedback loop is generally involved. what are the three parts of this?
sensor, comparator/integrator and an effector
what is the regulated variable in the skin when maintaining homeostasis
temperature
what is the regulated variables in the liver/pancreas when maintaining homeostasis
metabolism of glucose and lipids
what is the regulated variables in the lungs when maintaining homeostasis
Ventilation to control partial pressures and pH
what is the regulated variables in the heart and vasculature when maintaining homeostasis
blood pressure
what is the regulated variables in the kidneys when maintaining homeostasis
fluid balance
describe the pre-ganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system
- short
-myelinated
-synapse in paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia
describe the pre-ganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system
- long
- myelinated
- fibers synapse in or on the target tissue/organs
describe the post-ganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system
long and unmyelinated
describe the post-ganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system
short and unmyelinated
what neurotransmitter is present at the preganglionic neurons in the ANS
acetylcholine
what receptor is present at the preganglionic neuron in the ANS ?
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
what neurotransmitters and receptors are present at the post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system
- Acetylcholine : Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
- Noradrenaline: α1/ α2 adrenoreceptor; β1/β2 adrenoreceptor
what neurotransmitters and receptors are present at the post-ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system
- Acetylcholine : Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission
neurotransmitter that is neither noradrenaline , adrenaline or acetylcholine
NANC transmitters
released with the main transmitter and may act to modulate its action or act as co-transmitters, contributing to the response seen with nerve activation.
what NANCs are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system
Nitric oxide (NO) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
what NANCs are involved in the sympathetic nervous system
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP, colocalized with noradrenaline) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
what kind of response time does Ach and ATP have ?
Rapid
what kind of response time does NO and NA have ?
intermediate
what kind of response time does VIP and NYP have ?
slow
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are …
-present in the ganglia
-ligand gated ion channels
muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are…
-present in the effector cells
-G-Protein coupled receptors
adrenoreceptors are all…
G-protein coupled
what effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the pupil
dilation
what effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the heart
increases rate and force of contraction
what branch of the ANS stimulates generalized secretion from the sweat glands and what neurotransmitter is involved
sympathetic and Ach
where do paravertebral ganglia lie ?
adjacent to the vertebral column
where do prevertebral ganglia lie ?
in front of the aorta and along its major arterial branches
