autonomic pharmacology part 2: exam 2

Question 1

what type of antagonist is used for fight or flight response?

Answer 1

adrenergic antagonist

Question 2

inhibit sympathetic nervous system effects

Answer 2

sympatholytics

Question 3

vasoconstriction and bladder sphincter contraction is b/c of what receptors ?

Answer 3

a1 (Gq)

Question 4

CNS response and synaptic cleft is because of what receptors?

Answer 4

a2 (Gi)

Question 5

a1 antagonists (blockers)

Answer 5

• found at various glands, smooth muscles (vascular, effects BP) , and also non-vascular (bladder, prostate)

Question 6

example of a1 blocker

Answer 6

prazosin + analogues

Question 7

pharmacological effect of prazosin

Answer 7

vasodilation decreasing BP

Question 8

what blocker is used for treatment of hypertension and alleviates symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 8

a1

Question 9

what blocker is used for BPH?

Answer 9

a1

Question 10

what a1 blocker is specific for prostate?

Answer 10

alfuzosin

Question 11

a1A selective for prostate?

Answer 11

tamsulosin (flomax)

Question 12

adverse effects of a1 blocker

Answer 12

1. orthostatic and postural hypotension
2. IFIS

Question 13

examples of non-selective a blockers

Answer 13

phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine

Question 14

a2 agonists

Answer 14

1. centrally acting
2. negative feedback
3. treats hypertension
4. sympatholytic

Question 15

B blockers end in what suffix?

Answer 15

lol

Question 16

which beta blocker is used for the heart

Answer 16

b1

Question 17

which beta blocker is used for the lungs

Answer 17

b2

Question 18

beta blockers….

Answer 18

• decrease BP
• decrease O2 demand
• decrease cardiac workload

Question 19

• first generation
• non selective
• blocks b2
  undesired effects: leading to constriction

Answer 19

propranolol

Question 20

• second gen
• B1 selective
• effect on B2 is minimal

Answer 20

metoprolol

Question 21

• third gen
• non-selective B blockers
• also blocks a1
  B»>a1

Answer 21

labetalol and carvedilol

Question 22

an increase in HR, SV, oxygen demand , contractility leads to an increase in

Answer 22

CO

Question 23

non-cardiovascular uses for b blockers

Answer 23

pheochromocytoma and open angle glaucoma

Question 24

contraindications of B blockers

Answer 24

• Asthma and COPD
• interaction with epinephrine

Question 25

cholinergic agonists is used for what part of ANS?

Answer 25

parasympathetics

Question 26

what is a neurotransmitter for PANS?

Answer 26

Ach

Question 27

what are the two receptor types for Ach?

Answer 27

muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 28

why are only a few antagonists clinically used?

Answer 28

muscarinic agonists activate most, if not ALL subtypes of the receptor

Question 29

do cholinergic drugs produce effects on CNS?

Answer 29

depends on lipophilicity of the drug

Question 30

cholinergic agonist have _____ actions?

Answer 30

parasympathomimetic

Question 31

parasympathomimetic effects on GI and bladder

Answer 31

increase activity

Question 32

stimulation of exocrine glands exhibit what effects?

Answer 32

-increase lacrimation, GI secretions, sweating, and salivation

Question 33

analogues of Ach

Answer 33

bethanechol and methacoline

Question 34

effects of bethanechol and methacoline

Answer 34

airway hyperreactivity

Question 35

naturally occurring alkaloids

Answer 35

- muscarine - pilocarpine - nicotine

Question 36

synthetic cholinergic agonists

Answer 36

cevimeline

Question 37

example of anticholinesterase

Answer 37

AchE inhibitors (neostigmine)

Question 38

what are the two subclasses of anticholinesterases?

Answer 38

1. reversible 2. irreversible

Question 39

example of reversible inhibitors

Answer 39

neostigmine and physostigmine

Question 40

example of irreversible inhibitors

Answer 40

organophosphates

Question 41

what drug treats myasthenia gravis?

Answer 41

neostigmine

Question 42

what drug is used to treat glaucoma?

Answer 42

physostigmine

Question 43

what drug is used as nerve gas and pesticides?

Answer 43

organophosphates

Question 44

anticholinesterases require what to be present?

Answer 44

acetylcholine

Question 45

what drug is used to treat xerostomia?

Answer 45

pilocarpine (salagen) and cevimeline

Question 46

what drugs are used for alzheimer?

Answer 46

donepezil and rivastigmine: increases Ach in CNS

Question 47

drug for paralytic ileus and bladder atony

Answer 47

bethanechol or neostigmine

Question 48

antidote for atropine poisoning?

Answer 48

atropine

Question 49

mnemonic for cholinergic drugs

Answer 49

S: salivation, sweating L: lacrimation U: urination D: defecation G: GI distress E: emesis