Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CRRAB 2 Week 5 and 6 > Autonomic Pharmacology of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sympathetic receptor on the adrenal medulla which causes activation of the medulla by acting as a pore for sodium?

A

an ACh-sensitive nicotinig receptor (odd)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the adrenal medullar release when that nicotinic receptor is activated?

A

epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are two nictoine antagonists?

A

trimethaphan

hexamethonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the potency of alpha1 receptors?

A

epinephrine = norepinephrine»isoproterenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does activation of alpha1 receptors do

A

contraction of vsacular smooth muscle by stimulating phospholipase C and generating IP3 to elevate calcium concentration

NOT ON BRONCHIOLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the potetncy for beta2 receptors?

A

(isoproterenol > epinephrine&raquo_space; norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens with activation of beta2 receptors?

A

relax bronchial smooth muscle and glycogenlyosis

both by activating adenylyl cyclase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the natural hormone stimulus for beta2 activation in the lung?

A

epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type or receptor is located on the postsynaptic surface of a postganglionic nerve causing activation of the parasympathetic postganglionic nerve?

A

nicotinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the parasympathetic receptor for all end0rgan responses?

A

muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two things muscarinic receptors can do

A

activates phospholipase C

suppress adenylyl cyclase activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do the parasympathetic nerves to the lung originate?

A

medulla oblongata is where vagus starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do the sympathetic nerves to the lung originate?

A

thoracic -lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the parasympathetic nerves trigger in the lungs?

A

constrict bronchioles

increase secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gi-alpha
Gs-alpha
Gq-alpha
G12, 13

A

i - inhibition of adenylyl cyclyase - inhibits cAMP procutiosn
s- stimulates AC (cholera!)
q - increase DAG, IP3 and Ca2+
12, 13 - activates Rho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most comon initial treatment for asthma?

A

inhaled SABA like albuterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the beta 2 agonists from trachte’s lecture?

A 
metaproterenol
terbutaline
albuterol
pirbuterol
salmeterol 
isoetharine
bitolerol (produg)
formoterol
Aftormoterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three long-acting beta 2 agonists?

A

formoterol
arformoterol
salmeterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are hte major side effects of the beta 2 agonists?

A

tachycardia and palpitations (beta 1)
tremor (skeletal muscle beta 2)
and headache

20
Q

IF asthma is well controlled, patient should only be using short acting beta 2 agonist how many times per week?

A

2 or less (not counting exercise)

21
Q

How can epinephrine be given to relax bronchioles?

A

parenteral IV for anaphylaxis or inhaled

can also give intraocular

22
Q

How is epi metabolized?

A

MAO and COMT

23
Q

What are the contraindications for epi use?

A

hyperthyroidism
hypertension
halogen-hydrocarbon anesthetics

24
Q

What does isoproterenol od?

A

it’s a synthetic catecholamine stimulating beta receptors, so it relaxes bronchioles

25
Q

How is isoproterenol administered?

A

parenteral or aerosol

26
Q

How is isoproterenol metabolized

A

COMT but not mAO

27
Q

What does ephedrine do?

A

it’s an indirectly acting agent that causes NE release

28
Q

How is ephedrine administered?

A

orally

29
Q

What do we use ephedrine for?

A 
bronchospasm (does have wimpy direct beta2 agonism)
allergy
narcolapsy
stokes-adams syndrome
in cold meds
30
Q

What is a stereoisomer of ephedrine commonly used to treat nasal congestion?

A

pseudoephedrine

31
Q

What is our favorite alpha1 agonist?

A

phenylephrine

32
Q

What do we use phenylephrine for clinically?

A

decongestant - constricts nasal vasculature

33
Q

What are our two muscarinic receptor antagonists? What ar they used for?

A

ipratropium and tiotropium

bronchodilation used more in COPD than asthma

34
Q

What is roflumilast?

A

a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor

35
Q

What do the pshophodiesterase 4 inhibitors do?

A

they inhibit the degradation of cAMP, so are bronchodilators used for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

36
Q

WHat’s the major side effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors?

A

nausea

37
Q

What are the 4 drugs used for COPD?

A

SABA
LABA
long-acting muscarinic antagonist (tiotroprium)
glucocorticoids

38
Q

What is the pulmonary side effect of the alpha1 inhibitors?

A

they cause mucosal stuffiness

39
Q

What is the pulmonary side effect of beta blockers?

A

increased airway resistance (particularly in asthmatics)

40
Q

If zafirlukast is an effective treatment for asthma, the asthma is most likely caused by?

A

Leukotrienes

41
Q 
If diphenhydramine is NOT effective in asthma, the asthma is most likely: 
Caused by Acetylcholine
Caused by Bradykinin
Caused by Histamine
Not caused by Acetylcholine
Not caused by Bradykinin
Not caused by histamine
A

Not caused by histamine

42
Q 
Which of the following is the best treatment for anaphylaxis?
Albuterol
Beclomethasone
Cromolyn
Diphenhydramine
Epinephrine
Ibuprofen
Zafirlukast
A

epinephrine

43
Q 
Which of the following is the best decongestant?
Albuterol
Beclomethasone
Cromolyn
Ibuprofen
Phenylephrine
Theophylline
Zafirlukast
A

Phenylephrine

44
Q 
What is the most likely mechanism accounting for beneficial effects of ipratropium in COPD?
Bronchodilation
Induction of elastin synthesis
Reduction of inflammation
Suppressed secretions
Tachycardia
A

suppresses secretions

but also bronchodilates

45
Q 
Which of the following have pulmonary side effects?
Anticholinesterases
Alpha receptor antagonists
ACE Inhibitors
ß Blockers
Muscarinic agonists
A

all of them

46
Q

What are the major asthma treatments?

A 
beta2 agonists
corticosteroids
leukotriene antagonists
adenosine antagonists
mast cells tabilizers
IgE antibody

CRRAB 2 Week 5 and 6 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions