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Pharmacology Block 1 > Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system is divided into what 2 divisions?

What do each control?

A

Somatic:

consciously controlled functions such as movement, respiration, and posture.

Autonomic:

concerned primarily with visceral functions

that are necessary for life such as cardiac

output, blood flow to various organs, digestion, etc

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2
Q

the ANS divides into what 2 major portions?

A
  1. Sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division
  2. Parasympathetic (craniosacral) division
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3
Q

Somatic nervous system has what type of neuron?

how many?

A

cholinergic (ACh)

1 myelinated coming fron CNS

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4
Q

How are the neurons used in the sympathetic pathway of the ANS?

what about the parasympathetic pathway?

A

they are 2 neurons coming out and working together, and are Norepinephrine

they are 2 neurons as well and are cholinergic

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5
Q

What are the three major differences in the ANS and SNS?

A
  1. Effectors: the target organ
  2. Efferent pathways
  3. Target organ responses
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6
Q

what is the effectors of the Somatic Nervous System?

A

are skeletal muscles

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7
Q

what are the effectors of the ANS?

A

are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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8
Q

How are the neurons of the somatic nervous system?Motor neurons of the somatic nervous system extend from where to where? what do they lack?

A

Myelinated thick axons

from the CNS to the effector

lacks ganglia

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9
Q

ANS neurons are how? how are each?

A

two-neuron chain:

preganglionic: has a thin myelinated axon
postganglionic: unmyelinated neuron which extends to an effector organ via the postganglionic axon

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10
Q

what neurotransmitter do somatic neurons release from their synapses?

what effect does this have on target organs?

A

Cholinergic (ACh)

excitatory

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11
Q

what neurotrasmitter do ANS pre-ganglionic neurons release?

what effect will this neurotransmitter have on target organs?

what neurotrasmitter do ANS post-ganglionic neurons release?

what effect will this neurotransmitter have on target organs?

A

ACh

excitatory

norepinephrine or ACh

inhibition

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12
Q

what are the major neurotrasmitters in the ANS?

A
  • Acetyl choline
  • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
  • Epinephrine(Adrenaline)
  • Dopamine
  • Several co transmitters
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13
Q

what are the 2 types of nerve fibers in the ANS based on neurotrasmitters?

A

Cholinergic fibers –>ACh

Adrenergic/noradrenergic fibers –> epinephrine/norepinephrine

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14
Q

what are 3 characteristics of Cholinergic nerve fibers?

A
  1. All Preganglionic fibers in both Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
  2. All parasympathetic postganglionic
  3. Few sympathetic postganglionic fibers
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15
Q

what is 1 characteristic of adrenergic nerve fibers?

A

Are most of the postganglionic sympathetic fibers

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16
Q

Based on the type of neurotransmitter there are Two types of receptors, what are these? what are the examples of each?

A
  1. Cholinergic receptors:
    • Muscarinic: M1/2/3/4/5 –> all are g-protein coupled
    • Nicotinic: Nm and Nn –> are ion channel mediated
  2. Adrenergic receptors: alpha 1/2 and beta 1/2/3 –> all are g-protein coupled
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17
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in Heart?

A

Reduces HR, FOC, CO

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18
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in blood vessels?

A

Vasodilatation, ↓low BP

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19
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in smooth muscle?

A

Contraction..bronchospasm Diarrhea, Urination

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20
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in sphincter?

A

relaxation

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21
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in pupil?

A

miosis

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22
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in glands?

A

Salivation, sweating, gastric acid

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23
Q

What are the consequences of adrenergic receptor activation in heart?

blood vessels?

smooth muscle?

sphincters?

pupil?

glands?

A

Increases HR, FOC, CO

Vasoconstriction, ↑ BP

Relaxation: Bronchodilation, constipation, Urinary retention

contraction

myadriasis

24
Q

What receptors utilize Gq?

A

M1

M3

Alpha 1

25
receptors that utilize Gq will use what effector enzyme?
it will stimulate Phospholipase C
26
receptors that utilize Gq will utilize what 2nd messengers?
IP3 and DAG
27
what receptors will use Gi from G protein?
alpha 2 and M2
28
alpha 2 and M 2 will do what by using Gi?
inhibit Adenylyl cyclase and therefore cAMP
29
what receptors utilize Gs G protein subunit?
beta 1, beta 2, beta 3
30
Gs will stimulate what?
adenylyl cyclase and increase cAMP
31
M1 receptors are found where? M2 receptors are found where? M3 receptors are found where? Nmreceptors are found where?
neurons heart smooth muscle and glands or pupils and ciliary muscle skeletal muscle end plate
32
M2 receptos when engaged will result in what effect?
reduce heart rate
33
M3 receptors of smooth muscle and glands, when engaged will result in what effect?
contraction except in blood vessels: * diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, urination, increase in secretion: * salivation, stomach acid, sweating, lacrimation
34
M3 receptors of pupils and ciliary muscle, when engaged will result in what effect?
Contraction * Miosis, increased flow of aqueous humor
35
where are alpha 1 receptors found?
blood vessels, iris, smooth muscle
36
where are alpha 2 receptors found?
presynaptic neurons
37
where are beta 1 receptors found?
heart and juxtaglomerular aparatus
38
where are beta 2 receptors found?
smooth muscles
39
where are beta 3 receptors found?
fat tissue
40
when alpha 1 receptros are engaged they will cause what in: * blood vessel? * pupils? * smooth muscles?
blood vessel: Vasoconstriction Pupil: Mydriasis Smooth muscle: sphincter contraction * Constipation and Urinary retention
41
when alpha 2 receptors are engaged they will cause what in: presynaptic neurons, heart and blood vessels
presynaptic neurons: reduced release of nor-epinephrine * bradycardia, hypotension
42
when beta 1 receptors are engaged they will cause what?
heart: contraction and increased heart rate JGA: increase renin release
43
when beta 2 receptors are engaged they will cause what?
smooth muscle: Relaxation * so bronchodilation, urinary retention, constipation, uterus relaxation
44
when beta 3 receptors are engaged they will cause what?
fat tissue: lipolysis
45
what receptor can we find in the adrenal medulla? If engaged, what will it do?
Nn receptors secretion of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine
46
what receptors do we find in the autonomic ganglia?
Nn receptors and Alpha 2
47
what are the Five key features of neurotransmission?
1. synthesis 2. storage 3. Release 4. activation of receptors 5. termination of action/ reuptake
48
the rate limiting step of Ach synthesis depends on what?
reuptake of choline
49
what is the rate limiting step for catecholamine synthesis?
tyrosine hydroxylase
50
what stops the cholinergic neurotransmission?
acteylcholine esterase
51
what terminates the adrenergic neurotrasmission?
by adrenergic reuptake
52
what enzyme is important for the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA?
tyrosine hydroxylase
53
what drug can inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase?
metyrosine
54
what drug can inhibit dopamine and serotonin to insert into the vesicles affecting VMAT? what can it cause? what was it used for before?
reserpine depression controlling high blood pressure
55
what drugs affect the release of epinephrine? why was this drug removed from market?
bretylium and guanethidine led to tachychardia
56
what will cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants do?
inhibit the re-uptake of norepinephrine

Pharmacology Block 1 (10 decks)

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