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Pharmacology Block 1 > Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system is divided into what 2 divisions?

What do each control?

A

Somatic:

consciously controlled functions such as movement, respiration, and posture.

Autonomic:

concerned primarily with visceral functions

that are necessary for life such as cardiac

output, blood flow to various organs, digestion, etc

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2
Q

the ANS divides into what 2 major portions?

A
  1. Sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division
  2. Parasympathetic (craniosacral) division
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3
Q

Somatic nervous system has what type of neuron?

how many?

A

cholinergic (ACh)

1 myelinated coming fron CNS

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4
Q

How are the neurons used in the sympathetic pathway of the ANS?

what about the parasympathetic pathway?

A

they are 2 neurons coming out and working together, and are Norepinephrine

they are 2 neurons as well and are cholinergic

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5
Q

What are the three major differences in the ANS and SNS?

A
  1. Effectors: the target organ
  2. Efferent pathways
  3. Target organ responses
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6
Q

what is the effectors of the Somatic Nervous System?

A

are skeletal muscles

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7
Q

what are the effectors of the ANS?

A

are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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8
Q

How are the neurons of the somatic nervous system?Motor neurons of the somatic nervous system extend from where to where? what do they lack?

A

Myelinated thick axons

from the CNS to the effector

lacks ganglia

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9
Q

ANS neurons are how? how are each?

A

two-neuron chain:

preganglionic: has a thin myelinated axon
postganglionic: unmyelinated neuron which extends to an effector organ via the postganglionic axon

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10
Q

what neurotransmitter do somatic neurons release from their synapses?

what effect does this have on target organs?

A

Cholinergic (ACh)

excitatory

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11
Q

what neurotrasmitter do ANS pre-ganglionic neurons release?

what effect will this neurotransmitter have on target organs?

what neurotrasmitter do ANS post-ganglionic neurons release?

what effect will this neurotransmitter have on target organs?

A

ACh

excitatory

norepinephrine or ACh

inhibition

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12
Q

what are the major neurotrasmitters in the ANS?

A
  • Acetyl choline
  • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
  • Epinephrine(Adrenaline)
  • Dopamine
  • Several co transmitters
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13
Q

what are the 2 types of nerve fibers in the ANS based on neurotrasmitters?

A

Cholinergic fibers –>ACh

Adrenergic/noradrenergic fibers –> epinephrine/norepinephrine

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14
Q

what are 3 characteristics of Cholinergic nerve fibers?

A
  1. All Preganglionic fibers in both Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
  2. All parasympathetic postganglionic
  3. Few sympathetic postganglionic fibers
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15
Q

what is 1 characteristic of adrenergic nerve fibers?

A

Are most of the postganglionic sympathetic fibers

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16
Q

Based on the type of neurotransmitter there are Two types of receptors, what are these? what are the examples of each?

A
  1. Cholinergic receptors:
    • Muscarinic: M1/2/3/4/5 –> all are g-protein coupled
    • Nicotinic: Nm and Nn –> are ion channel mediated
  2. Adrenergic receptors: alpha 1/2 and beta 1/2/3 –> all are g-protein coupled
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17
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in Heart?

A

Reduces HR, FOC, CO

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18
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in blood vessels?

A

Vasodilatation, ↓low BP

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19
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in smooth muscle?

A

Contraction..bronchospasm Diarrhea, Urination

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20
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in sphincter?

A

relaxation

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21
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in pupil?

A

miosis

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22
Q

What are the consequences of Cholinergic receptor activation in glands?

A

Salivation, sweating, gastric acid

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23
Q

What are the consequences of adrenergic receptor activation in heart?

blood vessels?

smooth muscle?

sphincters?

pupil?

glands?

A

Increases HR, FOC, CO

Vasoconstriction, ↑ BP

Relaxation: Bronchodilation, constipation, Urinary retention

contraction

myadriasis

24
Q

What receptors utilize Gq?

A

M1

M3

Alpha 1

25
Q

receptors that utilize Gq will use what effector enzyme?

A

it will stimulate Phospholipase C

26
Q

receptors that utilize Gq will utilize what 2nd messengers?

A

IP3 and DAG

27
Q

what receptors will use Gi from G protein?

A

alpha 2 and M2

28
Q

alpha 2 and M 2 will do what by using Gi?

A

inhibit Adenylyl cyclase and therefore cAMP

29
Q

what receptors utilize Gs G protein subunit?

A

beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

30
Q

Gs will stimulate what?

A

adenylyl cyclase and increase cAMP

31
Q

M1 receptors are found where?

M2 receptors are found where?

M3 receptors are found where?

Nmreceptors are found where?

A

neurons

heart

smooth muscle and glands or pupils and ciliary muscle

skeletal muscle end plate

32
Q

M2 receptos when engaged will result in what effect?

A

reduce heart rate

33
Q

M3 receptors of smooth muscle and glands, when engaged will result in what effect?

A

contraction except in blood vessels:

  • diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, urination,

increase in secretion:

  • salivation, stomach acid, sweating, lacrimation
34
Q

M3 receptors of pupils and ciliary muscle, when engaged will result in what effect?

A

Contraction

  • Miosis, increased flow of aqueous humor
35
Q

where are alpha 1 receptors found?

A

blood vessels, iris, smooth muscle

36
Q

where are alpha 2 receptors found?

A

presynaptic neurons

37
Q

where are beta 1 receptors found?

A

heart and juxtaglomerular aparatus

38
Q

where are beta 2 receptors found?

A

smooth muscles

39
Q

where are beta 3 receptors found?

A

fat tissue

40
Q

when alpha 1 receptros are engaged they will cause what in:

  • blood vessel?
  • pupils?
  • smooth muscles?
A

blood vessel: Vasoconstriction

Pupil: Mydriasis

Smooth muscle: sphincter contraction

  • Constipation and Urinary retention
41
Q

when alpha 2 receptors are engaged they will cause what in:

presynaptic neurons, heart and blood vessels

A

presynaptic neurons: reduced release of nor-epinephrine

  • bradycardia, hypotension
42
Q

when beta 1 receptors are engaged they will cause what?

A

heart: contraction and increased heart rate

JGA: increase renin release

43
Q

when beta 2 receptors are engaged they will cause what?

A

smooth muscle: Relaxation

  • so bronchodilation, urinary retention, constipation, uterus relaxation
44
Q

when beta 3 receptors are engaged they will cause what?

A

fat tissue: lipolysis

45
Q

what receptor can we find in the adrenal medulla?

If engaged, what will it do?

A

Nn receptors

secretion of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

46
Q

what receptors do we find in the autonomic ganglia?

A

Nn receptors

and

Alpha 2

47
Q

what are the Five key features of neurotransmission?

A
  1. synthesis
  2. storage
  3. Release
  4. activation of receptors
  5. termination of action/ reuptake
48
Q

the rate limiting step of Ach synthesis depends on what?

A

reuptake of choline

49
Q

what is the rate limiting step for catecholamine synthesis?

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

50
Q

what stops the cholinergic neurotransmission?

A

acteylcholine esterase

51
Q

what terminates the adrenergic neurotrasmission?

A

by adrenergic reuptake

52
Q

what enzyme is important for the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA?

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

53
Q

what drug can inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase?

A

metyrosine

54
Q

what drug can inhibit dopamine and serotonin to insert into the vesicles affecting VMAT?

what can it cause?

what was it used for before?

A

reserpine

depression

controlling high blood pressure

55
Q

what drugs affect the release of epinephrine?

why was this drug removed from market?

A

bretylium and guanethidine

led to tachychardia

56
Q

what will cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants do?

A

inhibit the re-uptake of norepinephrine

Pharmacology Block 1 (10 decks)

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