Anticholinergic Drugs Flashcards
what is an anticholinergic drug?
class of drugs that block the actions of acetylcholine .
how do anticholinergic drugs work?
Cholinergic blockers allow the Sympathetic nervous system to dominate, therefore, have many of the same effects as the adrenergics
what are the two types of anticholinergics?
- Muscarinic receptor blockers
- Nicotinic receptor blockers
Name the Muscarinic receptor blockers
- Atropine
- Homoatropine (short acting preparation of ATROPINE)
- Tropicamide (shortest acting preparation of ATROPINE)
- Pirenzepine
- Scopolamine
- Benztropine
- Ipratropium bromide
- Dicyclomine
What type of molecule is atropine?
Is it competitive or non-competitive?
how long does it last?
what drug is used to treat atropine poisoning? Why this one?
- It’s a tertiary amine that enters the CNS and produces CNS side effects
- it is competitive
- long acting
- physostigmine, because it is lipid soluble
what are the side effects of atropine?
- Decreased salivary, bronchial and sweat secretion…dry mouth
- Mydriasis and cyloplegia …loss of accommodation reflex
- Tachycardia
- Constipation
- Urinary retention
- Bronchial relaxation
- Excitation /hallucinations
what are the uses of Atropine?
- treatment of Cholinesterase inhibitors / Organophosphate (OP)pesticides poisoning
- treat Poisoning by AchE inhibitors or by certain mushrooms containing muscarine.
- To produce mydriasis in refraction error testing
- To treat Heart block, Bradycardia
what is tropicamide used for?
preferred to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia in refraction error testing and fundoscopy
what is Benztropine used for?
drug of choice for treatment of drug induced Parkinsonism
(both type of parkinsons have low Dopamine, yet with administration fo L-Dopa only regular parkinson’s will respond. In Extrapyramidal parkinsons you have excess dopamine)
what is Ipratropium bromide used for?
COPD / Bronchial asthma
what is pirenzepine used for?
to treat peptic ulcers because these use M3 channels
what is Scopolamine used for?
what is another drug used for what scopolamine is used for?
to prevent Motion sickness
anti-histaminic drugs
what is Glycopyrrolate used for?
used in GA to reduce bronchial secretions
what is Dicyclomine used for?
- to treat GI spasm, spamodic abdominal pain
(Eg: Menstrual pain)
in atropine toxicity or poisoning, what will you look for?
- Eye: Mydriasis (iris practically obliterated), blurring of near vision, dryness of conjunctiva.
- Respiratory system: Difficulty in speaking, dyspnea, respiratory depression.
- Skin: Dry, hot, and red skin.
- GI systems: Dryness of mouth; thirst; difficulty in swallowing; absence of bowel sounds; paralytic ileus.
- Urinary system: Difficulty in micturition.
- CVS: Tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias.
- CNS: Fatigue, ataxia, headache, restlessness, hallucinations, delirium, generalized convulsions, coma.
