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Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ANS?

A

PART OF PERIPHERIAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SPLIT INTO SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

what is the role of ans? give examples.

A

regulates involuntary processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration

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3
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS STSTEM?

A

NORADRENALINE

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4
Q

WHAT TRANSMITTER IS ASSOCIATED WTH PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

acetylcholine

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5
Q

what does catabolic and anabolic mean?

A

catabolic is the breakdown of stores like in the sympathetic nervous system glucose is broken down

anabolic is the building up and creation of storage like glucose storage.

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6
Q

what is the difference between noradrenaline and adrenaline?

A

noradrenaline is the neurotransmitter and causes arousal fight or flight …
adrenaline is the hormone

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of fight or flight on the body?

A

-increased heart rate
-increased blood pressure level
-skeletal muscle blood vessels dilate
-GI tract and skin blood vessels contract
-digestion inhibited
-liver releases glucose to deliver energy to muscles
-sweating

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8
Q

what is the autonomic baroreceptor reflex?

A

standing up after laying down:
-carotid artery blood pressure falls due to gravity once standing up (blood from aorta travels down to feet)
-baroreceptor firing rate in wall of carotid arteries falls due to reduced blood pressure
-Vagal parasympathetic tone reduced

heart rate increase due to activation of sns

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9
Q

what is autonomic testing?

A

volunteers placed on tilted table that changes course of plan within seconds to monitor mechanism of baroreceptor reflexes by monitoring CARDIOVASCULAR system.

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10
Q

what are target tissues of the ANS?

A

smooth muscle, heart, endocrine glands, heart, liver

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11
Q

which organ is not part of ANS control?

A

skeletal muscles (voluntary movements)

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12
Q

what are the 7 stages to synaptic transmission?

A
  1. action potential invades pre-synaptic terminal
  2. depolarisation opens ca2+ channels
  3. ca2+ rise triggers vesicles release ACh
    4.transmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft to post synaptic receptor
  4. nicotinic ACh receptor activation depolarises membrane
    6.post-synaptic potential triggers new action potential
    7.signalling is turned off by transmitter removal (acetylcholinesterase)
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13
Q

what are 3 cholinergic transmission?

A
  1. nicotinic and muscarinic receptor
  2. ganglionic transmission (sites of drug action)
  3. neuroeffector transmission (sites of drug action)
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14
Q

what are 2 acetylcholine receptors?

A

nicotinic receptors

muscarinic receptors

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15
Q

where can nicotinic receptors be found?

A

pre and post synapse

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16
Q

nicotinic receptors have fast transmission. Where does it occur?

A

autonomic ganglia

skeletal muscle (neuromuscular junction)

central nervous system

17
Q

muscarinic receptors have slower signalling via which activation or inhibition of what?

A

-activation of phospholipase C
-inhibition of adenylate cyclase
-activation of K+ channels
-inhibition of Ca2+ channels

18
Q

where can muscarinic receptors be found?

A

postganglionic synapse and CNS

19
Q

what are the two main types of cholinesterase?

A

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (AChe): responsible for rapid ACh hydrolysis at synapse

Butyrlcholinerase (BuChe): occurs in plasma and many tissues

20
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

Hydrolysis is a common form of a chemical reaction where water is mostly used to break down the chemical bonds that exists between a particular substance

21
Q

what are autonomic effects of anti cholinesterase?

A

bradycardia (slow heart action)

hypotension

excesive secretions

gastrointestinal hypermotility

22
Q

what is Aricept?

A

cholinesterase inhibitor : cns acting dementia drugs

23
Q

what does cholinergic mean?

A

nerve cells in which acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter

24
Q

what is the neuroeffector junction?

A

site where motor neuron releases neurotransmitter to target.

25
Q

what are nicotinic receptors?

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides, they are ligand gated ion channels, that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

26
Q

nicotinic receptorts consist of 5 subunits, what are they?

A

α1-10
Β1-4
Gamma
Delta
Epsilon

many possible conditions and total of 17 subunits

27
Q

what is neuromuscular junction?

A

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle (skeletal/ smooth/ cardiac).

28
Q

what does nicotinic block?

A

autonomic ganglion
and
neuromuscular junction

29
Q

what is Plant alkaloid tubocurare?

A

Tubocurarine is a naturally occurring mono-quaternary alkaloid obtained from the bark of the Menispermaceous South American plant Chondrodendron tomentosum

30
Q

what is plant alkaloid tubocurare used to prepare?

A

toxins to hunt animals in amazon

31
Q

what modern developments have been made from chondrodendron?

A

modern muscle relaxants (rocuronium) used in surgery

32
Q

what happens at nicotinic ACh receptor?

A

ACh synthesis (choline acetyltransferase)
ACh packaging
ACh release

33
Q

how fast does Ache act?

A

1ms

34
Q

what is the affect of Ache at nicotinic synapses at autonomic ganglion?

A

haxamethonium blocks nicotine at ganglia ( blocks ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)

35
Q

what is the affect of Ache at nicotinic synapses at neuromuscular junction?

A

curare blocks NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION (NMJ) - ACh blocked from joining to receptor on postsynaptic neuron

36
Q

where is muscarinic receptors located

A

parasynthetic

37
Q

where is nicotinic receptors located?

A

parasympathetic

38
Q
A

the patient (8 decks)

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