Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
what does the autonomic nervous system control
involuntary activities e.g heart rate, digestion etc..
where are parasympathetic ganglia found
ganglia near or in effector organ
where are sympathetic ganglia found
either in sympathetic trunk, adrenal medulla or collateral ganglia
ganglia/ ganglion
collection of neuron cell bodies that lie outside the CNS
effects of the autonomic NS on heart rate
sympathetic - increases heart rate and. contraction force
parasympathetic - decreases
effects of the autonomic NS on salivary glands
sympathetic - increases viscous secretion
parasympathetic - increases watery saliva secretion
effects of the autonomic NS on blood vessels
parasympathetic NS has no effect
sympathetic causes vasoconstriction to increase BP
what neurotransmitters does the parasympathetic NS use
acetyl choline
what neurotransmitters does the sympathetic NS use
actetyl choline between pre and post ganglionic neurons and noradrenaline at post ganglionic
what are the two different types of receptor
cholingeric - involves acetyl choline
adrenergic - involves noradrenaline
what are the two types of cholingeric receptor
muscarinic (post gang to neuroeffector junctions)
nicotinic (pre-gang to post-gang synapses)
what are the two types of adrenergic receptor
alpha - contraction of smooth muscle
beta 1 - increase HR and contraction force
beta 2 - relaxation of smooth muscle
why do local anaesthetics contain adrenaline
to act as a vasoconstrictor to restrict blood flow which would wash anaesthetic away therefore prolonging effects
has implications for patients with heart conditions
noradrenaline vs adrenaline
noradrenaline - neurotransmitter
adrenaline - hormone
