Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

How is the ANS divided?

Answer 1

CNS -> PNS -> Sensory or motor division -> somatic and visceral motor or sensory
Visceral motor -> sympathetic or parasympathetic

Question 2

What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system react to?

Answer 2

Sensory information received in the integrating centre (hypothalamus)

Question 3

What are the PNS and SNS responsible for?

Answer 3

PNS - Rest and digest

SNS - Fight & flight

Question 4

Where do visceral motor nuclei originate from?

Answer 4

The hypothalamus

Question 5

What is the structure of the ganglion in the PNS?

Answer 5

Long pre-ganglionic fibres
Ganglions close to (or embedded within) the effector tissues
Short post-ganglionic fibres

Question 6

What is the structure of the ganglion in the SNS?

Answer 6

Short pre-ganglionic fibres
Ganglions close to (or embedded within) the effector tissues
Long post-ganglionic fibres

Question 7

What is the exception to the 2 neuron arrangement in the ANS?

Answer 7

The adrenal gland - has only 1 sympathetic nerve, pre-ganglionic like

Question 8

What neurotrasmitter is released at each autonomic synapse?

Answer 8

Parasympathetic nerve:
Pre-ganglionic -> Post-ganglionic = ACh
Post-ganglionic -> Effector organ = ACh

Sympathetic nerve:
Pre-ganglionic -> Post-ganglionic = ACh
Post-ganglionic -> Effector organ = NA (nor-adrenaline)

Question 9

What does the adrenal gland secrete after stimulation by the sympathetic nerve?

Answer 9

It secretes adrenaline and some noradrenaline, NOT a neurotransmitter
Secretes hormones into bloodstream NOT synapse

Question 10

What nerves innervate the lung?

Answer 10

Parasympathetic nerves only, NO sympathetic nerves

Question 11

What is the micturition reflex?

Answer 11

High pressure in the bladder will activate the parasympathetic nerve, which controls the detrusor muscle, and switch off the sympathetic pathway, controlling the internal sphincter