Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Chem modules > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What NT is used in parasympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals?

A

ACh (n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What NT is used in parasympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals?

A

ACh (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What NT is used in sympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals?

A

ACh (n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What NT is used in sympathetic post ganglionic nerve terminals?

A

NA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What NT is used in sympathetic post ganglionic sweat gland nerve terminals?

A

ACh (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give 3 examples of organs where parasympathetic innervation and activity increases secretion.

A

Salivary glands
GI tract glands
Bronchi glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give two examples of organs where parasympathetic innervation and activity increases muscle contraction.

A

Bladder

Eye ciliary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give two examples of organs where sympathetic innervation and activity increases muscle contraction.

A

Heart

Uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which component of the ANS mediates a slowing of the heart and decreased force of contraction?

A

The parasympathetic:

The vagus nerve which extends from the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is ACh produced?

A

Produced in the nerve cytosol by CAT from choline and acetate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is ACh packaged?

A

Takes from the cytosol into vesicles by an ACh carrier on the vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is ACh released?

A

Calcium-dependent exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is ACh inactivated?

A

Inactivated by AchE in the synapse

Choline is takes up into the presynaptic neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where in the somatic nervous system are ACh-gated ion channels found?

A

Neuromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where in the ANS are ACh-gated ion channels found?

A

Ganglionic synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe a drug which antagonises ACh-gated ion channels.

A

Tubocurarine:
Antagonises post ganglionic nAChRs
Used as an adjunct to anaesthesia
Muscle relaxant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe a drug which prevents the exocytosis of ACh vesicles.

A

Butolinum:
Inhibits activity of ACh- gated ion channels
Used for Botox
Used for spasms and dystonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name a drug which inhibits heart mAChRs.

A

Atropine:

Increases heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name a drug which inhibits eye muscle mAChRs.

A

Tropacamide:

Induces mydriasis and ciliary muscle paralysis for eye retina exam

20
Q

Name a drug that inhibits mAChRs in lung smooth muscle.

A

Ipratropium:

Relieves muscle spasm in acute asthma

21
Q

Name a drug that inhibits mAChRs for the stomach and secretion.

A

Atropine:

Secretions are reduced

22
Q

Name a drug that inhibits mAChRs for the brain.

A

Atropine:

Anti emetic

23
Q

Why isn’t ACh used therapeutically?

A

It’s broken down by AChE too quickly

24
Q

Give an example of a cholinergic agonist.

A

Carbachol:

Resistant to AChE so lasts much longer

25
Q

What enzyme breaks down ACh? Where is it found?

A

AChE

found in the synapse

26
Q

What is a short lasting AChE blocker and what is it used for?

A

Edrophonium:

Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

27
Q

What is a medium lasting AChE blocker and what is it used for?

A

Erosine:

Quicker recover from competitive curare

28
Q

What is a long lasting AChE blocker and what is it used for?

A

Organophosphates:
Insecticides
Nerve gas

29
Q

How is NA produced?

A

L-tyrosine is ingested
L-tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase
L-DOPA is converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase
Dopamine is converted to NA by dopamine beta-hydroxylase

30
Q

How is NA packaged?

A

Dopamine is taken into vesicles, it is then converted to NA

31
Q

How is NA released?

A

Calcium dependent exocytosis

32
Q

How is NA deactivated?

A

Taken up into presynaptic terminal or metabolised by COMT

33
Q

What receptors may be present at an adrenergic synapse?

A

Presynaptic alpha(2) autoreceptor
Presynaptic beta (2) adrenoreceptor
Post synaptic beta (2) adrenoreceptor
Post synaptic ATP receptors

34
Q

List the adrenaline/ NA gated ion channels

A

There are none

35
Q

List the adrenaline/ NA GPCRs

A 
Beta 1- Gs (+)
Beta 2- Gs (+)
Beta 3- Gs (+)
Alpha 1- Gq (+)
Alpha 2- Gi (-)
36
Q

Where is NA produced and released?

A

Produced in the adrenal medulla

Released from presynaptic neurones

37
Q

Where is adrenaline produced and released from?

A

Produced in the adrenal medulla

Released from the adrenal medulla

38
Q

Where is isoprenaline produced and released from?

A

It’s a synthetic catecholamine.

39
Q

What second messenger system does alpha 1 affect?

A

Activates PLC

Increases DAG and IP(3)

40
Q

What second messenger system does the alpha 2 receptor affect?

A

Inactivates AC

Decreases cAMP

41
Q

What second messenger systems do the beta receptors affect?

A

Activates AC

Increases cAMP

42
Q

Describe a therapeutic antagonist for alpha 1.

A

Doxazosin:
Treats hypertension
Treats benign prostatic hypoplasia

43
Q

Describe a therapeutic alpha 2 antagonist

A

Mirtazapine:

Treats depression

44
Q

Describe a therapeutic beta receptor antagonist.

A

Propranolol:

Treats hypertension and tachycardia

45
Q

How may the synaptic concentration of NA be increased without increasing the amount of NA

A

Presynaptic alpha 2 antagonist
NET antagonist
Uptake 2 inhibitor
MOA inhibitor

Med Chem modules (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions