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SPR2015 > Autonomic Nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of central NS

A

brain

spinal cord

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2
Q

Parts of peripheral NS

A

autonomic NS

somatic NS

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3
Q

parts of somatic NS

A

sensory

motor

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4
Q

Function of ANS

A

maintain HOMEOSTASIS (stable internal environment with varying external conditions)

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5
Q

Pupillary light reflex is ____

A

unconscious, involuntary depends on amount of light entry

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6
Q

Difference between ANS vs. somatic

voluntary?

A

ANS = involuntary

Somatic = voluntary

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7
Q

Difference between ANS vs. somatic

Projections

A

ANS = diffuse projection

Somatic = specific projections

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8
Q

Difference between ANS vs. somatic

Speed of action

A

ANS = slow action

Somatic = rapid action

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9
Q

Difference between ANS vs. somatic

innervation

A

ANS = innerv smooth and cardiac muscle and gland cells

Somatic = innerv skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Difference between ANS vs. somatic

synapses

A

ANS = disynaptic

Somatic = monosynaptic

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11
Q

Inputs of ANS

A

input to pregnaglionic neurons

1) nucleus of solitary tract (medulla)
2) other brainstem nuclei (environ stim)
3) hypothalamus (internal state)

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12
Q

output of ANS

A

organs

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13
Q

Subdivisions of ANS

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Enteric (digestion)

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14
Q

Difference between sympathetic vs. parasympathetic

Location of preganglionic neurons

A

symp = pregang in thoracic and lumbar cord

parasymp = pregang in brainstem and sacral cord

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15
Q

Difference between sympathetic vs. parasympathetic

location of ganglia

A

symp = ganglia near spinal cord

parasymp = ganglia near target organ

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16
Q

Difference between sympathetic vs. parasympathetic

ratios of pre to post ganglionic

A

symp = 1:10

parasymp = 1:3

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17
Q

what is ganglion

A

cluster of cell bodies in peripheral NS

18
Q

Preganglionic neurotransmitter of ANS

A

acetylcholine

19
Q

postganglionic neurotransmitter of ANS

–> sympathetic

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

20
Q

postganglionic neurotransmitter of ANS

–> parasympathetic

A

acetylcholine

21
Q

receptors for ANS

A

1) Ach (nicotinic vs. muscarinic)

2) NE (alpha vs. beta adrenergic)

22
Q

nicotinic ACh receptor

A

ionotropic so NT binds and channel opens for downstream depol

23
Q

muscarinic ACh receptor

A

GPCR

24
Q

Adrenal medulla is functionally a ____

A

sympathetic ganglion

25
Q

adrenal medulla innervation

A

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

26
Q

what does adrenal medulla release

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine into blood stream

27
Q

effects of adrenal medulla

A

widespread sympathomimetic effects (incr HR)

28
Q

How does ANS affect blood pressure?

A

Symp = via incr NE, incr BP

Parasymp = via ACh, decr BP

29
Q

Sympathetic NS Effect on HR and Contractile force

A

SA node
1) NE binds Beta-adrenergic receptor

2) incr AC, cAMP
3) incr HR due to more HCN opening (cation entry) and depol quicker to incr firing rate
4) incr contractile force (more Ca2+ enters
5) constriction of blood vessels due to Ca2+

30
Q

Parasymp NS effect on HR and contractile force

A

SA node
1) ACh binds m2 ACh receptors

2) activates G protein to inhibit AC, decr cAMP
3) decr HR = less HCN channel open
4) decr contractile force = less Ca2+ entry

31
Q

Atropine

A

Sympathomimetic

M2 antagonist in heart –> incr HR

32
Q

Propanolol

A

Parasympathomimetic

Beta adrenergic (1 and 2) antagonist in heart, decr HR

33
Q

Baroreceptor reflex in response to low BP

A

incr sympathetic ouptut

34
Q

Baroreceptor reflex in response to high BP

A

increase in parasympathetic output

35
Q

Baroreceptor mechanism (primary mechanism)

A

1) Baroreceptor sense pressure at aortic arch
2) if incr blood pressure, activ nucleus of solitary tract in medulla to incr glu
3) incr glu release from nearby neurons
4) incr ACh release from cardiac plexus
5) ACh binds to nicotinic ACh receptor to cause more ACh release in SA node
6) decr HR and contractile force

36
Q

Baroreceptor 2nd mechanism

A

1) neurons in solitary tract also activate nearby neurons to release GABA (inhib)
2) inhib release of Glu from neurons in T1-T5 in spinal cord
3) inhib ACh release from ganglia nearby
4) inhib NE release at SA node

37
Q

Hypothalamus control release of ___

A

hormones via pituitary

posterior pituitary: brain
anterior pituitary: gland

38
Q

Effects of VASOPRESSIN on blood pressure

A

1) if low blood pressure detect by subfornical organ
2) release vasopressin from posterior pituitary
3) causes vasoconstriction
4) act on kidney to incr water retention

39
Q

Effects of RENIN

A

1) if low blood pressure detect
2) renin released from kidney
3) downstream activ angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor)

40
Q

Effects of angiotensin II

A

constrict blood vessel

incr water retention in kidney

activ neuron in subfornical organ

SPR2015 (23 decks)

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