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Pharmacology - Exam 1 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How is the nervous system classified by physical location?

A
  • CNS vs. PNS
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2
Q

How is the nervous systems classified by function?

A
  • autonomic vs. somatic
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3
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • actions not under conscious control i.e. voluntary, visceral function
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4
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A
  • conscious functions i.e. movement, respiration, posture
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5
Q

How is the autonomic nervous system dividided?

A
  • sympathetic vs. parasympathetic
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6
Q

Where do the divisions of the autonomic nervous system originate?

A
  • both in CNS
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7
Q

Where do the divisions of the autonomic nervous system exit?

A
  • through the brain in preganglionic efferent n. fibers
  • sympathetic exits through throacic and lumbar spinal n.
  • parasympathetic exits through cervical and 3rd-4th sacral
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8
Q

Which way does information flow in efferent n?

A
  • brain to body

- EFFerent causes an EFFect in EFFector organs

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9
Q

Which way does information flow in afferent n?

A
  • body to brain

- sensation

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10
Q

What are preganglionic neurons?

A
  • originate in CNS

- connect to ganglia in PNS

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11
Q

What are ganglia?

A
  • relay stations

- pass information to postganglionic neurons

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12
Q

What are postganglionic neurons?

A
  • nerves that terminate on effector organs
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13
Q

Describe the circle of information

A
  • CNS sends signal via effernt n. to target organs
  • target organs do X and send signal back via afferent n. to CNS
  • CNS processes info and sends a signal
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14
Q

What are the NT of the ANS?

A
  • acetylcholine (ACh)

- norepinephrine (NE)

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15
Q

Where is ACh released from?

A
  • cholinergic n. fibers
  • all preganglionic efferent autonomic fibers and postganglionic efferent autonomic parasympathetic fibers
  • somatic n. fibers to skeletal M.
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16
Q

Where is NE released from?

A
  • adrenergic n. fibers

- postganglionic efferent autonomic sympathetic fibers

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17
Q

How is ACh made?

A

choline + acetylCoA with choline O-acetyltransferase –> ACh

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18
Q

Where is ACh synthesized?

A
  • nerve fiber mitochondria
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19
Q

Where is ACh stored in the presynaptic nerve?

A
  • quanta in vesicles
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20
Q

How is ACh released from the presynaptic nerve?

A
  • action potential causes and influx of Ca2+
  • Ca2+ interacts with vesicle containing ACh
  • stimulates vesicle to fuse with membrane
  • dumps ACh into synaptic cleft
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21
Q

What does ACh do in the synaptic cleft?

A
  • binds to and activates ACh receptors (ACh-R)
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22
Q

How is ACh broken down in synaptic cleft?

A
  • AChesterase
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23
Q

What do adrenergic n. fibers release?

A
  • NE
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24
Q

What is the major function of adrenergic n. fibers?

A
  • make adjustments in responses to stressful situations

- i.e. fight or flight

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25
Q

What are actions of the stimulation of adrenergic n. fibers?

A
  • increased HR & BP
  • mobilize energy stores
  • increase blood flow to skeletal M.
  • decrease blood flow to skin and internal organs
  • dilate pupils and bronchioles
26
Q

What is the nickname for the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • fight or flight
27
Q

What is the nickname for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • rest & digest
28
Q

How is adrenergic action terminated?

A
  • NE metabolism
  • diffusion
  • reuptake
29
Q

How is NE metabolized in the termination of an adrenergic stimulation?

A
  • by catalytic enzymes

- i.e. monoamine oxidase (MAO)

30
Q

What are receptors?

A
  • proteins designed to bind endogenous molecules
31
Q

How to receptors bind with substrates?

A
  • highly specifically

- special interactions

32
Q

What are two types of autonomic receptors?

A
  • cholinergic

- adrenergic

33
Q

What are two types of cholinergic receptors?

A
  • muscarinic

- nicotinic

34
Q

What are three types of adrenergic receptors?

A
  • alpha 1 & 2
  • beta 1 & 2
  • dopamine
35
Q

What do muscarinic and nicotinic receptors bind?

A
  • only ACh
36
Q

What do alpha and beta receptors bind?

A
  • only NE
37
Q

What are non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic ANS tissues?

A
  • complex
38
Q

Which branch of the ANS is known as trophotopic?

A
  • parasympathetic
39
Q

Which branch of the ANS is known as ergotrophic?

A
  • sympathetic
40
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic n on the cardiovascular system?

A
  • decreased HR
41
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic n on the cardiovascular system?

A
  • manages BP
  • increased HR
  • increased cardiac output
  • venous tone via vasodilation
  • renin produced to manage fluid vol.
42
Q

How is the CV system mediated?

A
  • feedback loop
43
Q

How is the ANS function controlled?

A
  • presynaptic regulation
  • postsynaptic regulation
  • other integrated systems
44
Q

How is the presynaptic terminal regulated in the ANS?

A
  • alpha 2 receptors

- beta receptors

45
Q

How do alpha 2 receptors regulate the presynaptic terminal in the ANS?

A
  • present on presynaptic n.
  • bind NE
  • negatively feedback to decrease NE release
46
Q

What is an autoreceptor?

A
  • receptor that responds to NT release from the cell it is part of
47
Q

What is a heteroreceptor?

A
  • receptor that responds to NT released from other neurons
48
Q

How do beta receptors regulate the presynaptic terminal in the ANS?

A
  • increase NE release
49
Q

How is the postsynaptic terminal regulated in the ANS?

A
  • up/down regulation

- action of one receptor is affected by the action of another receptor

50
Q

What is up and down regulation?

A
  • the body creates more receptors or destroys excess in response to drug levels over long periods of time
51
Q

What happens when drugs are stopped abruptly when there has been up/down regulation?

A
  • supereffect
52
Q

What can be the result of a receptor blocked from stimulation of NE or ACh?

A
  • opposite effect as if it had bound to the receptor
53
Q

What does the sympathetic system do to the eye?

A
  • pupillary dilation (contraction of iris M)
54
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do to the heart?

A
  • decrease HR

- decrease contractility

55
Q

What does the sympathetic system do to the blood vessels?

A
  • vasocontraction and dilation based on which receptor is stimulated
56
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do to the bronchioloar smooth M?

A
  • contraction i.e. bronchoconstriction
57
Q

What does the sympathetic system do to the GI tract?

A
  • slows activity

- blocks passage via contracted sphincters

58
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do to the GI tract?

A
  • increases activity
  • opens passage via relaxed sphincters
  • increases secretions
59
Q

What does the sympathetic system do to the GU smooth M?

A
  • prevents uriniation
60
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do to the GU smooth M?

A
  • facilitates urination
61
Q

What is the effect of the ANS on the metabolic functions?

A
  • sympathetic stimulates energy production and release

Pharmacology - Exam 1 (4 decks)

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