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Pharmacology Exam 3 KS > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The two subunits of the peripheral nervous system are:

A

Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary)

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2
Q

The neurotransmitter associated with the somatic nervous system is:

A

AcH

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3
Q

Movement/motion/ambulation is the _______ nervous system

A

somatic.

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4
Q

Regulation of the heart, exocrine glands and smooth muscles, respiratory system, GI, Bladder and eyes is the ______ nervous system

A

autonomic

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5
Q

neurotransmitters involved in the autonomic Nervous system

A

AcH and NE

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6
Q

muscarinic receptors are for _____ neurotransmitter and for what type of organ/muscle?

A

AcH and smooth muscle/heart muscle

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7
Q

Nicotinic receptors are for ___________ neurotrasmitters and for _____.

A

AcH, neuromuscular

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8
Q

afferent neurons send impulses _____ the CNS

A

to

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9
Q

Efferent neurons send impulses ______ the CNS

A

from

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10
Q

the Autonomic Nervous System is divided into 2 systems:

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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11
Q

the “fight or flight” system is:

A

sympathetic

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12
Q

the “rest and digest” system is:

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

the neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic NS is ____

A

NE

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14
Q

the neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic NS is ____

A

AcH

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15
Q

drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic NS are called:

A
  • sympathomimetics

* Adrenergic agonists

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16
Q

drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic NS are called:

A
  • parasympathomimetics
  • cholinergic agonists
  • cholinergic drugs
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17
Q

drugs that block the neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic NS are called:

A
  • parasympatholytics
  • anticholinergics
  • Cholinergic antagonists/blockers
  • muscarinic blockers
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18
Q

drugs that block the neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic NS are called:

A
  • sympatholytics
  • adrenergic blockers
  • adrenergic antagonists
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19
Q

Physiologic effects of Adrenergics at Alpha 1 Receptor

A

increases force of heart contraction, vasoconstriction

• increases blood pressure

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20
Q

Physiologic effects of Adrenergics at Alpha 2 Receptors

A

dilates blood vessels, produces hypotension

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21
Q

Physiologic effects of Adrenergics at Beta 1 Receptors

A

(mainly cardiac) increase heart rate and force of contraction

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22
Q

Physiologic effects of Adrenergics at Beta 2 Receptors

A

(mainly pulmonary) bronchioles dilate (asthma)

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23
Q

Beta 1 blockers are going to work on what system?

A

cardiac

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24
Q

Beta 2 blockers are going to work on what system?

A

respiratory

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25
Q

Epinepherine acts on which adrinergic receptors? (In other words, what effects does it have on the body?)

A

– Alpha1, increases the blood pressure
– Beta1, increases heart rate (tachycardia)
– Beta2, promotes bronchodilation

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26
Q

Cholinergic drugs mimic the action of what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

27
Q

The two Cholinergic receptors are:

What do they work on?

A

– Muscarinic receptors
• Stimulate smooth muscle
– Nicotinic receptors
• Stimulate skeletal muscle

28
Q

What is the effect of – Pilocarpine eye drops

A

• used to treat glaucoma by constricting pupils and allowing drainage of aqueous humor to decrease pressure in the eyes

29
Q

what is the effect of – metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A
  • used to increase GI motility/GERD

* Also post op nausea and vomiting

30
Q

What drug is used to treat post-op nausea? the patch behind the ear?

A

Reglan

31
Q

what is the effect of – Bethanechol (Urecholine)?

A

• used to increase urination by relaxing sphincter muscles.

32
Q

Role of Nurse parasympathomimetics

A
  • monitor adverse effects
  • monitor liver enzymes
  • educate patient on self care administration
  • educate patient of medication
  • monitor I & O
  • monitor for blurred vision, orthostatic hypotension, muscle weakness
  • schedule activities to avoid fatigue
33
Q

Role of Nurse -anticholinergics

A
  • monitor for anticholinergic crisis
  • monitor VS-heart, b/p and rythms
  • comfort measures for dry mucous membranes
  • decrease exposure to heat, cold and strenous exercise
  • monitor I & O
  • monitor abdominal distension and bowel sounds
34
Q

MOA of Epinepherine

A
  • Alpha1, increases the blood pressure
  • Beta1, increases heart rate (tachycardia)
  • Beta2, promotes bronchodilation
35
Q

MOA of Albuterol

A

stimulates Beta 2 adrenergic receptors which relax bronchial smooth muscles

36
Q

MOA of Alpha Adrenergic Blockers

A

Promote vasodilatation

,relaxes smooth muscle in the bladder and prostate by blocking alpha receptors, constricts pupils

37
Q

MOA of Beta Blockers

A
  • decrease heart rate,

* decrease force of cardiac output

38
Q

MOA of Cholinergics/

Parasympathomimetics

A

Act on muscarinic receptors (smooth muscle)

Decrease heart rate, lower BP, increase
peristalsis,stimulate urination, constrict pupils,increase salivation and tears, stimulates bronchial
contraction

Act on Nicotinic receptors which maintain muscle strength and tone

39
Q

MOA of Urecholine

A

used to increase urination by relaxing sphincter muscles.

40
Q

MOA of Reglan

A

used to increase GI motility/GERD

Also post op nausea and vomiting

41
Q

MOA of Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Drugs

A

• bind with cholinesterase in order
to allow more acetylcholine to activate the
muscarinic and, importantly nicotinic (neuro-
muscular) cholinergic receptors

42
Q

MOA of neostigmine

A

Inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine

43
Q

MOA of Anticholinergics/

Parasympatholytics

A

Dry up secretions and increase heart rate

Decrease tremors and rigidity of muscles

Relaxes GI tone, motility and decrease secretions

44
Q

MOA of Atropine

A

• acetylcholine inhibitor, increases heart rate, decreases secretions

45
Q

How do you give Epinephrine?

A

by IV or IM… not PO. (Think of an Epipin that you stick someone with if they get stung by a bee.)

46
Q

What is Epinephrine used for?

A

Given to treat allergic rxn and cardiac arrest, contraindications: cardiac dysrhythmias and hypertension

47
Q

What is albuterol used for?

A

Asthma (or maybe COPD at times

48
Q

Nursing implications for Adrenergic Antagonists?

A
  • monitor I & O
  • monitor syncope
  • monitor VS, LOC and mood
  • observe for side effects
  • monitor liver function
49
Q

Side effects of Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers

A

Orthostatic hypotension *, reflex tachycardia,

Dizziness, flushing, HA, edema, dry mouth

50
Q

Nursing Implications for Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers

A

change positions slowly, VS, Safety, I & O

51
Q

Nursing Implications for Beta-blockers

A

VS, Safety, BS, I& O, Lung sounds
• *be sure to monitor heart rate, BP before giving the drug,
• Hold/call MD for heart rate <60. This drug is contraindicated
• In patients with heartblock, it must be used with caution in
• Patients with a history of CHF, asthma, COPD

52
Q

Side effects of Cholinergics

A

excessive salivation, increased secretion of gastric acid, bronchoconstriction, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, N/V, sweating, urinary frequency, blurred vision

Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, Asthma attack, heart block and cardiac arrest

53
Q

Side effects of Urecholine

A

• Hypotension, bradycardia, excessive salivation, increased gastic acid, bronchoconstriction, abd cramps

54
Q

Nursing Implications for Urecholine

A

do not give for asthma, Parkinson’s or epilepsy

55
Q

side effects of indirect-acting cholinergic drugs

A

bradycardia, asthma, peptic ulcers

56
Q

What would you use to treat Mayasthenia gravis?

A

indirect-acting cholinergic drugs

57
Q

What would you use to treat glaucoma?

A

indirect-acting cholinergic drugs

58
Q

Nursing implications for indirect-acting cholinergic drugs

A

Primary uses are myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s disease

• Contraindications
– Intestinal and urinary obstruction

59
Q

adverse reactions for neostigmine

A

• bradycardia, hypotension, diarrhea, miosis

60
Q

adverse reactions for Anticholinergics/

Parasympatholytics

A

Tachycardia, dry mouth, abdominal distention, palpitations, nasal congestion, photophobia, blurred vision, flushing, urinary retention,
constipation

Increase heart rate, decrease peristalsis of GI tract, decrease urination, dilate bronchi

Note: you will probably need to know all of these for the test in some round about manner.

61
Q

What are anti-cholinergics used to treat?

A

IBS, Peptic ulcers, Mydriasis, Parkinsons, COPD, Overactive bladder

62
Q

side effects/adverse effects of atropine?

A
  • blurred vision, urinary hesitancy, dry mouth, H/A, flush, constipation
  • tachycardia, pupillary dilation, palpitations
63
Q

Nursing implications for atropine

A

• Interactions: antihistamines, antidepressants, antacids increases effect of drug; increases affect of atenalol

64
Q

Cogenton is used to treat

A

Parkinsons disease

Pharmacology Exam 3 KS (4 decks)

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