Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPP > autonomic disorders > Flashcards

autonomic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

It plays a crucial role in controlling involuntary bodily functions.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is a vital component of the peripheral nervous system, responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two main branches of ANS

A

Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It prepares the body for stress and action, activating the “fight- or-flight” response.

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Promotes relaxation and conservation of energy, activating the “rest-and-digest” response.

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest. It occurs when the body’s immune system attacks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle fibers from contracting effectively.

A

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two main types of Myasthenia gravis

A

Ocular MG
Generalized MG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This type affects only the muscles of the eyes, causing symptoms such as double vision and drooping eyelids.

A

Ocular MG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms for Ocular MG

A

Double vision and Drooping eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This type affects muscles throughout the body, leading to more widespread weakness and fatigue.

A

Generalized MG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NOTE:

The hallmark of MG is muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis

A

• Visual Symptoms
• Facial Weakness
• Respiratory Issues
• Limb Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis

A

• Blood Tests
• Electromyography (EMG)
• Tensilon Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Evaluates muscle response to a drug that inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, temporarily improving muscle strength in MG patients

A

Tensilon Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Assesses muscle function by measuring electrical activity in response to nerve stimulation.

A

Electromyography (EMG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Detect antibodies against acetylcholine receptors, which are present in most MG patients.

A

Blood Tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pharmacological Interventions for Myasthenia Gravis

A

• Cholinesterase Inhibitors
• Corticosteroids
• Immunomodulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples of Cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Example of Corticosteroids

A

Prednisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Examples of Immunomodulators

A

Azathioprine
Cyclosporine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of Cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Increase acetylcholine levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Functions of Corticosteroids

A

Suppress the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function of Immunomodulators

A

Suppress the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Non-pharmacological Interventions for Myasthenia Gravis

A

• Eye exercise
• Physical Therapy
• Dietary modifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Specific exercises can help improve vision and reduce ocular symptoms in patients with ocular MG.

A

Eye exercises

26
Q

Regular physical therapy sessions can help maintain muscle strength and improve overall mobility.

A

Physical therapy

27
Q

Proper nutrition and weight management can help reduce fatigue and improve overall well-being.

A

Dietary modifications

28
Q

It is a group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. If left untreated, glaucoma can cause irreversible blindness.

A

Glaucoma

29
Q

Two main types of glaucoma

A

Open-Angle Glaucoma
Angle-Closure Glaucoma

30
Q

The most common type, characterized by a gradual increase in IOP due to a blockage in the trabecular meshwork. It develops slowly and often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages.

A

Open-Angle Glaucoma

31
Q

A less common type characterized by a sudden increase in IOP due to a narrowing of the angle between the iris and cornea. This type can cause acute symptoms and requires immediate medical attention.

A

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

32
Q

NOTE:

Glaucoma symptoms can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease.

Open-angle glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, making regular eye exams crucial for early detection.

A
33
Q

Often asymptomatic, especially in open-angle glaucoma

A

Early stage

34
Q

Gradual loss of peripheral vision, blurred vision.

A

Progressing stage

35
Q

Significant vision loss, halos around lights, eye pain (in angle-closure glaucoma).

A

Advanced stage

36
Q

Diagnosis of Glaucoma

A

• Eye Exam
• Dilated Eye Exam
• Visual Field Test
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

37
Q

Creates detailed images of the optic nerve and retina.

A

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

38
Q

Evaluates peripheral vision to detect any loss.

A

Visual Field Test

39
Q

Assesses the optic nerve and anterior chamber angle.

A

Dilated Eye exam

40
Q

Measures intraocular pressure (IOP) using tonometry.

A

Eye Exam

41
Q

Pharmacological Interventions for Glaucoma

A

• Beta-Blockers
• Prostaglandin Analogs
• Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

42
Q

Decrease fluid production in the eye.

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

43
Q

Reduce fluid production and increase drainage.

A

Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists

44
Q

Increase fluid outflow from the eye.

A

Prostaglandin Analogs

45
Q

Reduce fluid production in the eye.

A

Beta-Blockers

46
Q

Surgical Interventions for Glaucoma

A

• Laser Trabeculoplasty
• Trabeculectomy
• Drainage Implant Surgery

47
Q

Involves implanting a small tube or shunt in the eye to drain excess fluid and lower IOP.

A

Drainage Implant Surgery

48
Q

Creates a new drainage channel to allow fluid to flow out of the eye, bypassing the blocked trabecular meshwork.

A

Trabeculectomy

49
Q

Uses laser energy to create a new drainage channel in the eye, improving fluid outflow.

A

Laser Trabeculoplasty

50
Q

For patients with both cataracts and glaucoma, cataract surgery can sometimes be beneficial in managing intraocular pressure.

The removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial intraocular lens can help improve fluid drainage in some cases.

A
51
Q

Cloudy lens obstructing vision and potentially affecting fluid drainage.

A

Before Cataract Surgery

52
Q

Clear artificial lens improving vision and potentially aiding in fluid drainage.

A

After Cataract Surgery

53
Q

Lifestyle Modifications for Glaucoma Management

A

• Regular Exercise
• Healthy Diet
• Stress Management
• Protective Eyewear

54
Q

Moderate exercise can help lower intraocular pressure and improve overall health.

A

Regular Exercise

55
Q

Reducing stress through relaxation techniques may help stabilize intraocular pressure.

A

Stress Management

56
Q

A diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids may support eye health.

A

Healthy Diet

57
Q

Wearing sunglasses and protective goggles can prevent eye injuries that may exacerbate glaucoma.

A

Protective Eyewear

58
Q

These are crucial for the early detection and management of both myasthenia gravis (when it affects the eyes) and glaucoma.

These conditions can progress without noticeable symptoms in their early stages, making routine check- ups essential for preserving vision and overall eye health.

A

Regular comprehensive eye exams

59
Q

For individuals at higher risk of glaucoma, such as those with a family history or certain medical conditions, more frequent eye exams may be recommended. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and prevent vision loss.

A
60
Q

Schedule routine eye exams as recommended by your eye care professional.

A

Regular Check Ups

61
Q

Identify potential issues before they cause noticeable symptoms or vision loss.

A

Early Detection

62
Q

Begin appropriate interventions early to prevent or slow disease progression.

A

Timely Treatment

CPP (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions