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Pharm Exam 2 > Autonomic and Neuromuscular Pharm > Flashcards

Autonomic and Neuromuscular Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Selective MAO-B inhibitor that reduces the metabolism of dopamine. Used for the treatment of Parkinsonism.

A

Selegiline

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2
Q

A COMT inhibitor that is used with carbidopa/L-DOPA therapy in the treatment of Parkinsonism.

A

Tolcapone

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3
Q

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists– Effects last longer than ACh, but have the same effect. Used in the treatment of GI and bladder… makes the GI tract and bladder contract more.. Can cause incontinence, diarrhea, and bradycardia

A

Bethanechol

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3
Q

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist in the CNS; Used for cigarette withdrawal

A

Pilocarpine

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4
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; ACh accumulates in synapse and produces a cholinergic response. Does NOT pass through BBB. Treatment for myasthenia gravis. Also used for GI and bladder paralysis, glaucoma, and treatment of anticholinergic effects produced by some drugs.

A

Neostigmine

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5
Q

________________ is an enzyme that breaks down ACh… these inhibitors help make the effect of the action last longer

A

acetylcholinesterase

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6
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; ACh accumulates in synapse and produces a cholinergic response. Does pass through BBB. Commonly used to treat Alzheimer’s.

A

Donepazil

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7
Q

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor ANTAGONIST. Decreased PNS response. Blocks receptors from binding with ACh. Induces mydriasis (pupil dilation), reduces secretions (used pre-op), treatment of ventricular bradycardia, treatment of severe diarrhea and urinary incontinence.

A

Atropine

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8
Q

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor ANTAGONISTS. Decrease PNS response. Blocks receptors from binding with ACh.

Used in the treatment of motion sickness; inhibits cholinergic activation of the emesis center of the brain.

A

Scopolamine

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9
Q

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor ANTAGONISTS. Decrease PNS response. Blocks receptors from binding with ACh.

A M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that reduces PNS control over the contractile state of the urinary bladder muscle. It is helpful that it is selective to M3 receptors specifically because it wont cause other side effects such as eye problems and salivary problems.

A

Solifencacin

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10
Q

GABA receptor agonist that suppresses motor neuron activity and nerve conduction

Commonly used in patients with spinal cord injuries, treatment of spastic movement disorders

A

Baclofen

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11
Q

A nicotinic receptor antagonist on skeletal muscle; nondepolarizing relaxation because it blocks excitation-contraction coupling

Causes skeletal muscle relaxation, used during surgery, tracheal intubations and electro convulsant shock therapy

A

Pancuronium

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12
Q

Activates the ACh receptor and causes depolarization but it remains bound to the receptor for a prolonged period

Prolonged binding causes a conformational change in the shape of the receptor that leads to its inactivation, which then PREVENTS twitch summation and a sustained contraction (leading to relaxation).

A

Succinycholine

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13
Q

Inhibit membrane fusion proteins, necessary for exocytosis of ACh by motor neurons; blocks excitation-secretion coupling; this effect causes skeletal muscle paralysis

Block the secretion of ACh. Used for strabismus, overactive bladder, chronic migraines, botox in the face for wrinkles

A

Botulinum neurotoxins

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14
Q

Inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, preventing the creation of L-Dopa in the cascade

Treatment for pheochromocytoma; tumor in the adrenal gland responsible for the excessive production of catecholamines and the development of severe htn

A

Methyltyrosine

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15
Q

Alpha 1 and 2 and beta 1 and 2 adrenergic receptor AGONIST which induces fight or flight

Used for eyedrops to dilate pupils for an exam, used as respiratory mists to induce bronchodilation in asthma pts, parenteral administration use for cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock

A

epinephrine

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16
Q

AGONIST for D1, beta 1, and alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Used to treat cardiogenic shock by acting as a renal D1 receptor agonist, mediating mesenteric blood vessel vasodilation to increase renal blood flow, preventing renal failure. Beta1 responses will increase cardiac output.

D1 = stimulated at low dose

Beta1 = stimulated at medium dose

Alpha1 = stimulated at high dose

A

Dopamine

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17
Q

Alpha1 receptor agonist. Can be used as a nasal decongestant which causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels in nasal mucosa… also used to treat prolonged responses to Viagra

A

Phenylephrine

18
Q

Alpha1 receptor agonists

What is in Visine to help make eyes less red. Treat irritation of the eyes by vasoconstricting the blood vessels on the surface of the eye.

A

Tetrahydrozoline

19
Q

Alpha2 receptor agonist that can pass through the blood brain barrier and reduce the release of catecholamines and SNS activity

Used as an antihypertensive drug.

A

Clonidine

20
Q

Generalized beta1 and 2 receptor AGONIST

Cardiac stimulant used to treat cardiac arrest and heart failure

A

Isoproterenol

21
Q

Selective beta1 AGONIST

Cardiac stimulant used to treat cardiac arrest and heart failure

A

Dobutamine

22
Q

Selective beta2 AGONIST

Bronchodilator

A

Albuterol

23
Q

Selective beta2 AGONIST

Reduce uterine contractions

A

Terbutaline

24
Q

Selective beta3 AGONIST

Serves as an antispasmodic that is effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence and urgency

A

Mirabegron

25
Q

Displaces catecholamines from internal stores, causing the release of NE

CNS stimulant that is used to treat narcolepsy, minimal brain disorders in the elderly and ADHD.

A

Amphetamine

26
Q

Displaces NE from internal stores. Weak alpha1 and beta2 AGONIST

Can be used as a nasal decongestant and bronchodilator

A

ephedrine

27
Q

Generalized alpha1 and 2 ANTAGONIST

Used in the treatment of frostbite, Raynauds. Increases blood flow to the skin. Can be used with extravasation in IVs to prevent necrosis.

A

Phentolamine

28
Q

Selective alpha1 ANTAGONIST

Anti-hypertension agent; reduces peripheral vasoconstriction to renal and mesenteric vascular beds

A

Prazosin

29
Q

Selective alpha1-a ANTAGONIST

Used to treat urinary tract obstruction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin

30
Q

Generalized beta1 and 2 receptor ANTAGONIST

Because its generalized, cannot be given to patients with asthma b/c it may cause bronchoconstriction.. Antihypertensive drug. Used for headaches/migraines

A

Propranolol

31
Q

Selective beta1 receptor ANTAGONIST. Reduces cardiac output which activates carotid baroreceptos. Baroreceptors stimulate a SNS response that counter regulates the reduction in cardiac output.

Antihypertensive drug

A

Metoprolol

32
Q

Both an alpha and beta ANTAGONIST. Reduces cardiac output (beta1 antagonism) and blocks compensatory vasomotor response by blocking alpha1 receptors in peripheral vascular system.

Antihypertensive drug

A

Labetalol

33
Q

Beta1 antagonists used for managing blood pressure

A

propranolol and metoprolol

34
Q

alpha1 antagonist used for managing blood pressure

A

prazosin

35
Q

beta1 receptor antagonists decrease blood pressure by…?

A

reducing the secretion of renin in the RAAS system

36
Q

beta receptor agonists are used after a patient has an MI because…

A

they reduce rhythm disorders

37
Q

alpha 2 receptor agonist that decreases bp

A

clonidine

38
Q

A drug that alters catacholamine synthesis

A

methyl-DOPA

39
Q

Examples of catecholamines

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, isoproterenol, dobutamine

40
Q

examples of noncatecholamines

A

phenylephrine, albuterol, and ephedrine

41
Q

Which are less polar and more lipid soluble; catecholamines or noncatacholamines?

A

Noncatecholamines, making them able to pass through the BBB (phenylephrine, albuterol and ephedrine)

42
Q

Why do catecholamines have a short half life?

A

Because of their metabolism by COMT and MAO

43
Q

what enzyme is responsible for ach metabolism in the blood?

A

pseudocholinesterase

Pharm Exam 2 (3 decks)

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