Automomic Nervous Sytem Flashcards
What are the 2 subsystems of the ANS
Sympathetic or parasympathetic
What is the role of the sympathetic NS
Fight or flight
Where do the nerves in the sympathetic NS originate from
Lumbar and thoracic spinal cord
Where does the parasympathetic NS originate from
Medulla region and sacred outflow
What parasympathetic nerve regulates the heart
Vagus nerve
What is the role of the parasympathetic NS
Rest and digest
Which nervous system have the longer post ganglion neurone
Sympathetic NS
Where are the ganglia in the parasympathetic NS located
Innervated tissue
Where are the sympathetic ganglia found
Paravertebral chain
What type of synapses are the pre-ganglionic neurones
Cholinergic
What neurotransmitter is used in cholinergic synapse
Acetyl choline
What receptors are found when activating the post ganglionic neurones
Nicotinic acetyl choline receptors
What type of receptor are nicotinic acetyl choline receptors
Ligand Gated Ion Channels
What type of synapse is found at parasympathetic post ganglionic neurones
Cholinergic
What receptor is found in the effect tissue for parasympathetic response
Muscarinic acetyl choline receptors
What type of protein are muscarinic ACh receptors
GPCRs
What type of synapse Do sympathetic post ganglion neurones have
Noradrenergic
What neurotransmitters are used in noradrenegic synapses
Noradrenaline and adrenaline
What type of receptors does noradrenaline interact with
Alpha and beta adrenoreceptors
What type of protein are adrenoreceptors
GPCRs
What other neurotransmitters are found in the ANS
ATP, nitiric oxide
What type of cells are found in the adrenal gland
Chromaffin cells
What are chromaffin cells
Post ganglionic sympathetic neurones
What do chromaffin cells secrete
Noradrenaline into the blood stream
What type of receptors do chromaffin cells have to stimulate NA release
Nictonic ACh receptors
What is the term for disorders of the ANS
Dysautonomia
What are catecholamines disorders
Where cancer callers release NA and adrenaline constantly so your always Ina fight or flight state
What type of muscarinic receptor is found on the heart
M2
What does the activation of M2 receptors cause
Bradycardia
What subsystem of the ANS do M2 receptors belong to.
Parasympathetic
Where are M3 receptors found
Smooth muscle
What results from activation of M3 receptors
Bronchial contraction, increased intestinal motility, bladder contraction
What subsystem of the ANS are alpha and beta receptors part of
Sympathetic NS
What type of sympathetic receptors are found int he heart
Beta 1
What does activation of beta 1 receptors cause
Tachycardia and positive inotropy
Where are alpha 1 receptors found
Smooth muscle
What does activation of alpha 1 receptors cause
Arteriolar contraction, muscle contraction
Where are beta 2 receptors found
Smooth muscle and lungs
What does activation of beta 2 receptors cause
Bronchiole relaxation
What enzyme catalysts acetyl choline synthesis
Choline acetyltransferase
What enzyme catalysts acetylcholine degradation
Acetyl cholinesterase
Where is choline obtained from
Diet
Where does acetyl choline degradation occur
Outside the cell
How many types of muscarinic receptors are there
5
What is the ganglion blocking cholinergic drug, trimethaphan used for
To give controlled hypotension in surgery
Give an example of a selective mAChR antagonist and its use
Tolterodine which is used to treat an overreactive bladder
What mnemonic can be used to identify effects of overstimulation of the parasympathetic ns
SLUDGE
What does SLUGDE stand for
Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation . GI upset and emesis
What are varicosities
Sites of calcium dependant noradrenaline release from branching post ganglionic sympathetic neurones
Where is noradrenaline converted to adrenaline
Adrenal medulla
Describe the synthesis of noradrenaline
Tyrosine -> DOPE -> Dopamine -> noradrenaline
What termination method is uptake 1
We’re noradrenaline is taken up by sodium symports in the pre synaptic membrane
Which transporters have a higher affinity for NA; uptake 1 or 2
1
Name an enzyme that can metabolise NA before it is taken into a vesicle
Monoamine oxidase
What drug is used in asthma
Salbutamol
What receptor is salbutamol selective for
Beta 2
Is salbutamol and agonist or antagonist
Agonist
What does salbutamol do
Reverse bronchoconstriction
What side effects result form salbutamol
Positive inotropy as beta 2 receptors are found on the heart
What do adrenoreceptors antagonists do
Treat cardiovascular diseases e.g hypertension
