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Pharmacology > Automomic Nervous Sytem > Flashcards

Automomic Nervous Sytem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 subsystems of the ANS

A

Sympathetic or parasympathetic

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2
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic NS

A

Fight or flight

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3
Q

Where do the nerves in the sympathetic NS originate from

A

Lumbar and thoracic spinal cord

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4
Q

Where does the parasympathetic NS originate from

A

Medulla region and sacred outflow

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5
Q

What parasympathetic nerve regulates the heart

A

Vagus nerve

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6
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic NS

A

Rest and digest

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7
Q

Which nervous system have the longer post ganglion neurone

A

Sympathetic NS

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8
Q

Where are the ganglia in the parasympathetic NS located

A

Innervated tissue

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9
Q

Where are the sympathetic ganglia found

A

Paravertebral chain

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10
Q

What type of synapses are the pre-ganglionic neurones

A

Cholinergic

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter is used in cholinergic synapse

A

Acetyl choline

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12
Q

What receptors are found when activating the post ganglionic neurones

A

Nicotinic acetyl choline receptors

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13
Q

What type of receptor are nicotinic acetyl choline receptors

A

Ligand Gated Ion Channels

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14
Q

What type of synapse is found at parasympathetic post ganglionic neurones

A

Cholinergic

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15
Q

What receptor is found in the effect tissue for parasympathetic response

A

Muscarinic acetyl choline receptors

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16
Q

What type of protein are muscarinic ACh receptors

A

GPCRs

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17
Q

What type of synapse Do sympathetic post ganglion neurones have

A

Noradrenergic

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18
Q

What neurotransmitters are used in noradrenegic synapses

A

Noradrenaline and adrenaline

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19
Q

What type of receptors does noradrenaline interact with

A

Alpha and beta adrenoreceptors

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20
Q

What type of protein are adrenoreceptors

A

GPCRs

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21
Q

What other neurotransmitters are found in the ANS

A

ATP, nitiric oxide

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22
Q

What type of cells are found in the adrenal gland

A

Chromaffin cells

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23
Q

What are chromaffin cells

A

Post ganglionic sympathetic neurones

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24
Q

What do chromaffin cells secrete

A

Noradrenaline into the blood stream

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25
Q

What type of receptors do chromaffin cells have to stimulate NA release

A

Nictonic ACh receptors

26
Q

What is the term for disorders of the ANS

A

Dysautonomia

27
Q

What are catecholamines disorders

A

Where cancer callers release NA and adrenaline constantly so your always Ina fight or flight state

28
Q

What type of muscarinic receptor is found on the heart

A

M2

29
Q

What does the activation of M2 receptors cause

A

Bradycardia

30
Q

What subsystem of the ANS do M2 receptors belong to.

A

Parasympathetic

31
Q

Where are M3 receptors found

A

Smooth muscle

32
Q

What results from activation of M3 receptors

A

Bronchial contraction, increased intestinal motility, bladder contraction

33
Q

What subsystem of the ANS are alpha and beta receptors part of

A

Sympathetic NS

34
Q

What type of sympathetic receptors are found int he heart

A

Beta 1

35
Q

What does activation of beta 1 receptors cause

A

Tachycardia and positive inotropy

36
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors found

A

Smooth muscle

37
Q

What does activation of alpha 1 receptors cause

A

Arteriolar contraction, muscle contraction

38
Q

Where are beta 2 receptors found

A

Smooth muscle and lungs

39
Q

What does activation of beta 2 receptors cause

A

Bronchiole relaxation

40
Q

What enzyme catalysts acetyl choline synthesis

A

Choline acetyltransferase

41
Q

What enzyme catalysts acetylcholine degradation

A

Acetyl cholinesterase

42
Q

Where is choline obtained from

A

Diet

43
Q

Where does acetyl choline degradation occur

A

Outside the cell

44
Q

How many types of muscarinic receptors are there

A

5

45
Q

What is the ganglion blocking cholinergic drug, trimethaphan used for

A

To give controlled hypotension in surgery

46
Q

Give an example of a selective mAChR antagonist and its use

A

Tolterodine which is used to treat an overreactive bladder

47
Q

What mnemonic can be used to identify effects of overstimulation of the parasympathetic ns

A

SLUDGE

48
Q

What does SLUGDE stand for

A

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation . GI upset and emesis

49
Q

What are varicosities

A

Sites of calcium dependant noradrenaline release from branching post ganglionic sympathetic neurones

50
Q

Where is noradrenaline converted to adrenaline

A

Adrenal medulla

51
Q

Describe the synthesis of noradrenaline

A

Tyrosine -> DOPE -> Dopamine -> noradrenaline

52
Q

What termination method is uptake 1

A

We’re noradrenaline is taken up by sodium symports in the pre synaptic membrane

53
Q

Which transporters have a higher affinity for NA; uptake 1 or 2

A

1

54
Q

Name an enzyme that can metabolise NA before it is taken into a vesicle

A

Monoamine oxidase

55
Q

What drug is used in asthma

A

Salbutamol

56
Q

What receptor is salbutamol selective for

A

Beta 2

57
Q

Is salbutamol and agonist or antagonist

A

Agonist

58
Q

What does salbutamol do

A

Reverse bronchoconstriction

59
Q

What side effects result form salbutamol

A

Positive inotropy as beta 2 receptors are found on the heart

60
Q

What do adrenoreceptors antagonists do

A

Treat cardiovascular diseases e.g hypertension

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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