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Automation Flashcards

1
Q

first automated analyzer by technicon in

A

1957

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2
Q

first “autoanalyzer”
- 40 samples per hour

A

Continuous flow

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3
Q

first commercial centrifugal analyzer was introduced in

A

1970

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4
Q
  • Increased work capacity per unit of time
    -Minimized Variability
    -Reduced Errors Caused by Manual Manipulations
  • Reduced Sample Volumes
  • Reduced Consumable Costs
A

Advantages of Automation

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5
Q
  • Initial Costs
    “ Discontinuity of Product
  • Technical Skill Required
A

Disadvantages of Automation

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6
Q

All samples loaded at the same time
* Single test is conducted on each sample

A

Batch Testing

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7
Q
  • One specimen with more than one test is analyzed
A

Parallel testing

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8
Q

Able to perform individual tests or panels
- allows for stat samples to be added to the run

A

RAT

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9
Q

Multiple test analyzed

A

Sequential testing

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10
Q

Computer software designed to handle laboratory data

A

LIS

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11
Q

Contamination of a sample by a previously aspirated sample

A

Carry over

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12
Q
  • System aside from manufacturer’s reagent can be utilized for measurement
A

Open reagent system

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13
Q

Transports specimens quickly from one location to another

A

Pneumatic tube system

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14
Q
  • Multi-layered film technology (dry chemicals) used a by automated analyzer
  • used in discreet analyzer
A

Dry chemistry slide

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15
Q

Device that automatically dips into a sample cup and aspirates a
portion of the liquid

A

Probe

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16
Q

Holds sample cups and capable of spinning

A

Rotor

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17
Q

Algorithm in which the most recent result of a patient compared with the previously determined value

A

Delta check

18
Q
  • A set of vertical bars of varying width
  • used to encode information
  • frequently used in clinical laboratory for patient and specimen information
A

Bar code

19
Q
  • Mechanism for patient/sample identification
  • used for reagent identification also
A

Bar coding

20
Q
  • Amount of serum that can not be aspirated
A

Dead volume

21
Q
  • Amount of time to generate one result
A

Turn around

22
Q

Maximum number of tests generated per hour

A

Throughput

23
Q
  • ability to remove the patient’s sample for analysis from the primary
    collection tube by piercing through the stopper.
A

Closed tube sampling

24
Q

At least wo analytical modules supported by one sample and reagent
processing and delivery system

A

IMS

25
Q
  • Able to perform tests from at least two disciplines
A

Multiple platform

26
Q
  • Al least two instruments from a single discipline with one controller
A

MWC

27
Q
  • Measurement of light reflected from solid surface
A

Reflectance photometry

28
Q
  • Use robotics and fluidics to replicate manual tasks
A

Automated instrument

29
Q
  • Some instruments have level-sensing probes that detect the amount
    of serum or plasma in the tube.
A

Specimen handling

30
Q

A. Mixing of sample and reagents occurs in a vessel called a cuvette. B. The most common reaction temperatures are 37°C and 30°C*
C. KINETIC ASSAYS
D. ENDPOINT/COLORIMETRIC ASSAYS

A

Testing phase

31
Q
  • Difference in absorbency b/w two points of the progression of a reaction
  • time period: 20 seconds to 1 minute
A

Kinetic reactiom

32
Q
  • Total amount of analyses consumed during the progression of a reaction - time period: 5 to 15 minutes
A

End point reaction

33
Q
  • Near-patient testing, decentralized testing, bedside resting - use of portable whole blood
A

POCT

34
Q
  1. Sample Identification - This is usually done by reading the bar code. This information can be entered manually.
  2. Determine tests) to perform - The LIS communicates to the analyzer which tests) have been ordered.
A

Identification and preparation

35
Q
  • Reagent systems and dellvery -One or more reagents can be dispensed into the reaction cuvet.
    -Specimen measurement and delivery - A small allquot of the sample Is Introduced Into the reaction cuvet.
    -Chemical reaction phase -The sample and reagents are mixed and Incubated.
A

Chemical reaction or Analytical phase

36
Q

-Measurement phase - Optical readings may be Initiated before or after all reagents have been added.
-Signal processing and data handling - The analyte concentration Is estimated from a calibration curve that is stored in the analyzer.
- send results) to LIS - The analyzer communicates results for the ordered tests to the US.

A

Post analytical or Data collection and analysis

37
Q

Means Immediately

A

STAT

38
Q

1st to do in POCT

A

Crossmatch

39
Q

6th to do in POCT

A

Hematocrit

40
Q

7th to do in POCT

A

Blood gases

41
Q

Last to do in POCT

A

Potassium

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