Autoimmunity => Type IV Flashcards
What is the autoantigen and consequence of type 1 diabetes (insulin-dep. diabetes mellitus-IDDM)?
autoantigen => Pancreatic Beta-cell antigen
consequence => Beta cell destruction
What is the autoantigen and consequence of Rheumatoid arthritis?
autoantigen=> unknown synovial joint antigen
consequence=> joint inflammation and destruction
What is the autoantigen and consequence of multiple sclerosis?
autoantigen=> myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein
consequence=> brain degeneration. paralysis
What is the result of type I diabetes (IDDM) and what does it lead to?
- destruction of insulin-Beta producing cells in pancreas
- response to increase in blood sugar levels
CTLs that have specificity for an unknown component of Beta cells are effectors of disease
What body function is damaged as a result of type I diabetes?
insulin is a critical regulator of cellular metabolism
remember=> insulin is produced by Beta cells in the islets of Langerhan’s
How should you treat type I diabetes?
daily injections of pig/bovine insulin
remember:
- some patients make immune responses directed against “foreign” insulin making the disease worse
- human recombinant insulin can also be used (more expensive)
How is rhematoid arthritis initiated and what does it cause? Is there a prevelance?
it is an inflammatory disease of the joints that initiated by autoreactive T cells
initiate inflammatory responses in joints which damage the cartilage and ligament tissue
women : men (3:1)
How should rheumatoid arthritis be treated and how does it act?
- anti-TNF Ab => uses ADCC to deplete B cells
- anti-CD20 Ab => rituximab
What is Sjorgren’s syndrome? what does it effect?
inflammatory destruction of exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva initiated by autoreactive T cells
affects kidneys, blood vessels, liver, brains
How is the Sjogren’s syndrome diagnosed and treated?
Dx=> Schirmer test
Tx=> punctal plugs/goggles, artificial tears
In Sjogren’s syndrome, which gender is at higher risk and what are the symptoms?
women : men (9:1)
Sx=> dry eyes and dry mouth
sometimes dry skin, nose, and vagina
Rh factor not required for disease
Describe the mechanism of action of multiple sclerosis and what does it cause?
autoimmune disease mediated by Th1 CD4 effector cells
immune response directed at myelin sheath of nerve cells that causes demyelination (sclerotic plaques) of white matter in CNS
What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
motor weakness, impaired vision, lack of coordination, spasticity
How would you diagnose and treat multiple sclerosis?
treatment includes immunosuppressive drugs and IFN-Beta1 (reduces incidence of disease attacks)
Dx lab results=> presence of oligoclonal bands of IgG in CSF whcih is found in 85% of MS patients
If a mouse with multiple sclerosis, how can the disease be transferred to another animal?
disease is mediated by Th1 cells specific for myelin basic protein can be transmitted by transfer of T cells
