Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Flashcards
Thyroid Regulate
Vital Functions: Breathing
HR
CNS/PNS
body weight
muscle strength, menstrual cycle,
body temperature, cholesterol levels
HLA-DR3 & DR5
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Genetic factors
HLA-B8 & DR3
Grave’s Disease
Genetic Factors
Antibodies in Hashimoto Hypothyroidism
Anti-thyrogloblin
Anti-thyroid peroxidase
Destroy gland
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Type of Hypersensitivity
Type IV (T-cell mediated)
Anti-TPO antibodies proceed
Symptoms in Hashimoto
Early Hashimoto Labs
Mild sx
T3/T4/TSH w/in normal limits
Anti-TPO
Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
Late Hashimoto Labs
Late sx
T3 & T4 LOW
TSH HIGH (pituitary)
Majority of thyroid destroyed
Treatment of Hashi
with elevated TPO antibodies
Normal thyroid function tests
No Treatment
Treatment of Hashi
Overt hypothyroidism (elevated TSH, low thyroid hormone)
Thyroid hormone replacement
Oral synthetic levothyroxine
Hasitoxicosis
Transient hyperthyroidism
2/2 Inflammation associated w/ hashimoto thyroiditis disturbing the thyroid follicles –> results in excess thyroid hormone (formed hormone leaks from cells)
Sx: Sweating, fatigue, goiter, intolerance to heat, tremoring hands, change in mood, changes in bowel movements
Environmental triggers for Grave’s Disease
Iodine, Infection, Pregnancy, Smoking
Grave’s Disease Hypersensitivity
Type II (non-cytotoxic)
Antibody against cell-surface antigen
Grave’s Disease Autoantibodies
Anti-TSHR autoantibodies
Agonists that activate TSH receptors
Grave’s Disease Labs
Low TSH
Increased T3/T4
High Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin levels
Sometimes TPO increased
Treatment of Grave’s Disease
Antithyroid drugs
Radioactive iodine & surgery
Transient Graves Disease
Seen in infants
IgG autoantibody (anti-TSHR) from mom –> cross placenta –> fetus
Newborn suffers Graves Dx
Treatment for Transient Graves Disease
Plasmapheresis removes maternal anti-TSHR antibodies & cures dx
Atrophic chronic thyroiditis
Blocking antibodies to TSHR
Block receptor –> exacerbate pathologies
Hypothyroid w/ little tissue damage – thyroid atrophy
Postpartum thyroiditis (transient)
Anti-microsomal antibodies
Histo: lymphocytic thyroiditis (same as hashimoto)
Graves stimulates TSHR antibodies
Antibody-mediated tissue damage (ADCC, classical complement activation)
