Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards
CD8+ recgonise what?
Endogenous MHC class 1
CD4+ cells recognise what?
Exogenous MHC Class 2
CD4 Tcell aka
T helper cell
What is the autoimmune response that triggers SLE?
Anti dsDNA antibody
What is the autoimmune repsonse that causes myasthenia gravis?
An antibody response to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction - which inhibits neuron transmission.
HLA DR3 predisposes you to what conditions?
Autoimmune:
Type 1 Insulin dependant diabetes
Graves disease
Addisons
HLA DQ6 affects ones chance of getting diabetes how?
Huge decrease
How do CD4 cells lead to autoimmune disease?
May induce local chemoattraction and activation of macrophages that can damage tissues by reactive oxygen intermediates or proteases.
Summary of the Autoimmunity of Type 1 Diabetes:
Addisons Disease autoimmunity summary:
- what are the antibodies specific for?
21hydroxylase (the adrenal enzyme)
What are the symptoms of Addison’s?
- Elevated ACTH before disease develops
- Hypotension, anorexia, malaise, hyperpigmentation.
Explain how antibodies cause Grave’s disease.
- Autoantibodies against TSH receptor
- Antibodies act as receptor agonists
- Can present as acute thyrotoxic crisis
Explain how antibodies cause Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
- Autoantibodies against TSH receptor
- Antibodies act as receptor antagonists
What are symptoms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Thyroid enlargement, weight gain and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Grave’s disease vs Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:
Premature ovarian failure insufficiency is characterised by what?
Amenorrhoea at an age <40yrs
POF is characterised by what hormonal abnormality?
Characterised by high FSH (reduced feedback) with anti-adrenal or anti-ovarian antibodies.
Lymphatic Autoimmune Hypophysitis
Autoimmune inflammation of the pituitary gland
Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: 1
Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: 1
- Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasisectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare recessive disorder
- Also called Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type-1 (APS-1)
- Symptoms are varied and include: fatigue, yeast infection, weight loss, hypothyroidism, alopecia
- But symptoms may differ in monozygotic twins so other factors involved
- Due to AIRE gene mutations
Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: 1 are associated with what antibodies?
Due to AIRE gene mutations
Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: 2 occurs with what autoimmune disease?
Occurs with Addison’s Disease, with IDDM or other autoimmune diseases.
