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Endocrine 2 > Autoimmune Diseases > Flashcards

Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

CD8+ recgonise what?

A

Endogenous MHC class 1

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2
Q

CD4+ cells recognise what?

A

Exogenous MHC Class 2

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3
Q

CD4 Tcell aka

A

T helper cell

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4
Q

What is the autoimmune response that triggers SLE?

A

Anti dsDNA antibody

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5
Q

What is the autoimmune repsonse that causes myasthenia gravis?

A

An antibody response to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction - which inhibits neuron transmission.

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6
Q

HLA DR3 predisposes you to what conditions?

A

Autoimmune:

Type 1 Insulin dependant diabetes

Graves disease

Addisons

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7
Q

HLA DQ6 affects ones chance of getting diabetes how?

A

Huge decrease

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8
Q

How do CD4 cells lead to autoimmune disease?

A

May induce local chemoattraction and activation of macrophages that can damage tissues by reactive oxygen intermediates or proteases.

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9
Q

Summary of the Autoimmunity of Type 1 Diabetes:

A
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10
Q

Addisons Disease autoimmunity summary:

  • what are the antibodies specific for?
A

21hydroxylase (the adrenal enzyme)

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of Addison’s?

A
  • Elevated ACTH before disease develops
  • Hypotension, anorexia, malaise, hyperpigmentation.
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12
Q

Explain how antibodies cause Grave’s disease.

A
  • Autoantibodies against TSH receptor
  • Antibodies act as receptor agonists
  • Can present as acute thyrotoxic crisis
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13
Q

Explain how antibodies cause Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

A
  • Autoantibodies against TSH receptor
  • Antibodies act as receptor antagonists
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14
Q

What are symptoms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

Thyroid enlargement, weight gain and symptoms of hypothyroidism.

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15
Q

Grave’s disease vs Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:

A
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16
Q

Premature ovarian failure insufficiency is characterised by what?

A

Amenorrhoea at an age <40yrs

17
Q

POF is characterised by what hormonal abnormality?

A

Characterised by high FSH (reduced feedback) with anti-adrenal or anti-ovarian antibodies.

18
Q

Lymphatic Autoimmune Hypophysitis

A

Autoimmune inflammation of the pituitary gland

19
Q

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: 1

A

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: 1

  • Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasisectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare recessive disorder
  • Also called Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type-1 (APS-1)
  • Symptoms are varied and include: fatigue, yeast infection, weight loss, hypothyroidism, alopecia
  • But symptoms may differ in monozygotic twins so other factors involved
  • Due to AIRE gene mutations
20
Q

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: 1 are associated with what antibodies?

A

Due to AIRE gene mutations

21
Q

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: 2 occurs with what autoimmune disease?

A

Occurs with Addison’s Disease, with IDDM or other autoimmune diseases.

Endocrine 2 (12 decks)

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