Autocrine/Paracrine/Neurotransmitters Flashcards
What is autocrine vs paracrine and give an example of each?
Autocrine - secretes and responds to signalling molecule released by itself - e.g. Cytokines/growth factors
Paracrine - local chemical mediators e.g. Cytokines, Eicosanoids (prostaglandins etc) and NO.
How can Autocrine signalling be a target for cancer treatment?
Could target the release of growth factors from autocrine cells to prevent tumour growth
Name 4 cytokines that can act as Paracrine mediators
Interleukins, chemokines, interferons, histamine
Name two Eicosanoids that can act as paracrine mediators
Prostaglandins, Leukotrines
Name 4 ‘other’ Paracrine signalling molecules
NO, bradykinin, platelet activating factor (PAF), neuropeptides
How does propanolol interfere with a paracrine signal?
It prevents NA and adrenaline action at beta receptors
What’s RITE KING
RITE is types of signalling molecule targets (Receptors, Ion channels, Transporters, Enzymes
KING is types of receptors above - (Kinases, Ion channels (ligand), Nuclear/cytoplasmic, GPCRs
Out of KING, which receptors illicit a fast response, and which slow? What are the time scales?
Kinases - slow hours
Ion Channels - fast milliseconds
Nuclear - Slow - hours
GPCRS - Fast - seconds
Out of KING, which receptor needs a lipophilic signalling molecule, and give an example of one.
Nuclear signalling requires a lipophilic signalling molecule e.g. Steroid
What is the cellular effects of activating KING receptors?
Kinases - phosphorylate and cause gene transcription/translation
Ion Channels - hyperpolarisation or depolarisation
Nuclear - gene transcription/translation
GPCRs - 2nd messengers - phosphorylation of proteins
Give a receptor example for each of the KING receptors
Kinase - cytokine receptors
Ion Channels - Nicotinic AchR
Nuclear - oestrogen receptor
GPCR - Muscarinic AchR
Give 3 example of transmitters that require co-transport with Na+ (symport) for reuptake
Glutamate, NA, serotonin
