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PHYS/PHARM > ANS/Nervous System > Flashcards

ANS/Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Three things sympathetic nervous system do to heart/cardiovasc system

A

Increase HR, Increase BP, Increase force of contraction

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2
Q

Which areas of the spinal chord are sympathetic preganglionic nerves

A

T&L

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3
Q

Which areas of the spinal chord are parasympathetic preganglionic nerves from? Whats the exception?

A

From M&S

Vagus (X) from brain

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4
Q

Are para and sympathetic nerves myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Pre- myelin

Post - unmyelin

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5
Q

Where in the spinal chord (dorsal or lateral) do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves arise from?

A

Para- lateral of M&S

Sympa - dorsal of T&L

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6
Q

Two principal neurotanmitters in ANS?

A

Ach and NA

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7
Q

What is the exception to sympathetic post ganglionic neurotransmitter being NA?

A

Ach - sweat glands and hair follicles

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8
Q

What are NANCss? name 5

A 
NO
Substance P
VIP
Serotonin
ATP
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9
Q

How is the adrenal medulla different post ganglionically?

A

It’s post ganglionic modified neurones are chromaffin cells that release adrenaline and NA in response to sympathetic pre ganglionic stimulation

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10
Q

What is the neurotransmitter causing somatic muscle contraction? What is the anatomy of the nerve from where it arises from to muscle?

A

It is one nerve fibre no pre/post ganglionic and NT is Ach

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11
Q

Which out of heart, lungs, vessels, GI/GU, Saliva/lacrimentation/sweat lacks parasympathetic innervation?

A

Vessels

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12
Q

What are the two GPCRs seen postganglionically in the heart

A

beta 1, M2

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13
Q

What are the two GPCRs seen postganglionically in the lungs (bronchioles)

A

beta 2, M3

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14
Q

What are the two GPCRs seen postganglionically in GI/GU?

A

beta 2, M3

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15
Q

What are the two GPCRs seen postganglionically in salivary glands/lacrimental/sweat?

A

M1 M3

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16
Q

Penile erection is modulated by which NANC?

A

NO - parasympathetic

17
Q

Renin release is stimulated by 3 things what are they?

A

Decrease BP
Decrease Na in distal tubule
Sympathetic NS on beta 1 receptors

18
Q

Whats disautonomia

A

ANS disorders

19
Q

What happens in pheochromocytoma?

A

Tumour of adrenal medulla causing increased catecholamine release = symptoms of fight or flight and emergency if BP increases too high.

20
Q

5 common sites of drug action

A

1) Interaction with presynaptic receptors
2) Interaction with post synaptic receptors
3) Inactivation
4) Reuptake
5) Degradation

21
Q

Basic steps on NT release?

A

1) Precursor
2) Synthesis
3) Packaging
4) Degradation of excess
5) Depol by AP
6) VOCC Ca2+ influx
7) Exocytosis NT
8) Diffusion NT
9) Post-Synaptic receptors
10) Inactivation NT
11) Reuptake of NT
12) Interaction with pre-syn receptors feedback

22
Q

Are nAchRs at autonomic ganglia and skeletal muscle different in structure? Whats the pharmacological relevance of this?

A

Yes can target drugs

23
Q

Are nAchRs at autonomic ganglia and skeletal muscle different in structure? Whats the pharmacological relevance of this?

A

Yes can target drugs

24
Q

Are muscaranic receptor subtypes easy to target pharmacologically? What is a way round this?

A

No - target allosterically - e.g. for M3 in bronchioles (asthma) target B2 instead.

25
Q

What is a common mACHR drug side effect?

A

Dry mouth

26
Q

What are some side effects of muscarinic agonists? How could you overcome this when designing a drug?

A

Parasympathetic - decrease HR, BP, increased bronchochonstriction, decrease saliva, GI problems = basically SLUDGE

Make the drug act locally rather than systemically

27
Q

When might you see SLUDGE? How can you treat sludge?

A

Drug overdose
Magic mushrooms
Insecticides

Treat with atropine

28
Q

What does pilocarpine treat and how

A

Glaucoma, mAChR agonist

29
Q

name a few mACh antagonists and how they work

A

Ipratropium - relaxes airway COPD

Tolterodine - overactive bladder - prevent contraction of bladder

30
Q

Can you target adrenergic drugs to specific receptors?

A

Yes easier than muscarinic

31
Q

What is different about NA neurones post ganglionically? What is this specialised for?

A

Have varicosities to release NT - can get close to the smooth muscle. Specialised for Ca2+ dependant NT release

32
Q

How is NA made (4)? NA reuptake is ___ dependent. Uptake 2 then does what?

A

Tyrosine - DOPA - Dopamine - NA

Na+ symport - high affinity transporter
NA not recapture is non neuronal - low affinity

33
Q

How is NA released ? Which two places can NA act at the synapse?

A

Ca2+ dependent exocytosis

Pre (own) or post synaptic receptors

34
Q

How is NA converted to Adrenaline and how?

A

In adrenal medulla by extra enzyme

phylethanolamine N-methyl transferase

35
Q

How is NA metabolised?

A

Within pre synaptic terminal NA not taken into vesicles susceptible to degradation:

MAO - monoaminooxidase
COMT - catechol-o-methyltrasnferase

36
Q

How does beta-2 specific salbutamol limit side effects on heart?

A

As specific to beta 2 so won’t affect beta 1 in heart.

PHYS/PHARM (10 decks)

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