AUTO IMMUNE DIESEASES Flashcards
what is the cause of autoimmunity?
- In autoimmune reactions, the immune system reacts against the host
- Many autoimmune diseases are the result of production of autoantibodies, but multiple parts of the immune response are usually involved
- Some people are genetically predisposed to autoimmune disease but there is also some disease can be influenced by environmental factors
- Drugs and toxins can also cause autoimmunity
what are the possible cause and risk factors of autoimmune disease?
- diet - western diet
- genetics
- hygiene hypothesis - vax, antiseptics
- environment - chemicals, heavy metals, infection, stress
- gender - mostly women
- age - 14 to 44
what are the types of autoimmune disease?
- organ specific
- non organ specific / systemic
explain organ specific.
are those where antibodies and invasive destructive lesions are directed against one organ of the body.
what are the target organs of organ specific?
thyroids
adrenals
stomach
pancreas
what are the example of organ specific?
- Hasimoto’s Thyroiditis
- Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- Grave’s disease
- multiple sclerosis
explain nonorganic specific.
those where antibodies and lesions are directed to antigens which are widespread throughout the body
what are the example of nonorganic specific?
rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erytomatosus (SLE)
what are the mechanism of autoimmunity?
Circulating B cell binds self-antigen released from injured cells.
B cell is activated by a T cell specific for self-peptide.
B cell secretes autoantibodies.
At sites of injury, autoantibodies bind self-antigen forming immune complexes.
Fc receptor-bearing cells such as macrophages are activated, causing inflammation and tissue damage.
More B cells are recruited, perpetuating the cycle of tissue injury.
