Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

What standardised tests can be used to diagnose autism?

Answer 1

The Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R):
Useful in differentiating autism from other developmental disorder
Uses parents or carers to assess 3 functional domains
1. Language and communication
2. Reciprocal social interactions
3. Restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviours and interest

Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO):
Uses the parents or carer to elicit a broad picture of the child’s behaviours and needs

Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule-2 (ADOS-2):
Uses play and interview to examine communication, social interaction, imagination and restricted repetitive behaviours

Question 2

What psychotherapy/educational support can be offered to patients with ASD?

Answer 2

CBT
Behavioural management programmes
Applied Behavioural Analysis program
Treatment and Education for Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH)
Educational psychology
Educational support in form of learning, SENCOs, special schools

Question 3

What medication can be used as an adjunct to psychological interventions in ASD?

Answer 3

SSRIs - for restricted repetitive behaviours

Antipsychotics - 1st line for irritability and aggression