Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

What are the key characteristics of ASD?

Answer 1

1. Social challenges: difficulty with social
   interactions and understanding social cues.
2. Communication difficulties: problems with
   verbal and non-verbal communication.
3. Repetitive behaviors: engaging in repetitive
   actions and routines.
   Restricted interests: having highly focused and
   intense interests

Question 2

Definition of ASD

Answer 2

Neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave.

Question 3

Etymology of ASD

Answer 3

Derives from the Greek word “autos,” meaning “self.”

Question 4

Who and When is the first usage of ASD to
describe a subset of schizophrenic patients who were especially
withdrawn and self-absorbed.

Answer 4

Eugen Bleuler in 1911

Question 5

When did ASD appeared in DSM-5

Answer 5

2013

Question 6

ASD was initially associated with what?

Answer 6

childhood schizophrenia

Question 7

Who’s study on ‘early infantile autism’ identified autism as a
distinct condition?

Answer 7

Leo Kanner

Question 8

Behaviorism approach of the cause of ASD

Answer 8

1. Influenced by environmental conditions and early childhood experiences.
2. Learned Behaviors: Reinforcement, punishment,
   and imitation shape behavior.

Question 9

Cognitive approach of the cause of ASD

Answer 9

1. brain abnormalities in areas like the amygdala and hippocampus.
2. Genetic markers and mutations increase
   the likelihood of ASD.

Question 10

Sociocultural approach of the cause of ASD

Answer 10

1. Influence of social interactions and cultural contexts on ASD.
2. Different cultures perceive and respond to ASD symptoms differently.

Question 11

Components and Course of ASD

Answer 11

Daily Life Manifestations:
1. Social communication challenges
2. Repetitive behaviors
3. Restricted interests

Early Signs:
1. Symptoms can appear as early as 18 months
2. Persist throughout a person’s life

Question 12

Behavioral treatment to ASD

Answer 12

Applied Behavior
Analysis (ABA):

Focus: Reinforces
positive behaviors
Goal: Reduces negative
behaviors

Question 13

Cognitive treatment to ASD

Answer 13

Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy (CBT)

Focus: Addresses anxiety
and other co-occurring
conditions
Goal: Improves cognitive
and emotional regulation

Question 14

Sociocultural treatment to ASD

Answer 14

1. Social Skills Training

Focus: Enhances social
interactions
Goal: Improves communication
and socialization skills

2. Family Therapy
   Focus: Supports family systems

Goal: Enhances family dynamics and coping strategies