Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the criteria for social deficits of autism?
All of:
- deficits of social-emotional reciprocity
- deficits in nonverbal communication
- deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
What are the criteria for repetitive behaviours of autism?
2 of:
1) stereotyped or repetitive motor movements
2) Insistence on sameness
3) Fixed interests
4) Hyper/hyporeactivity to sensory input
What are differential diagnoses of ASD?
- Intellectual disability
- language disorder
- ADHD
- Anxiety disorder
- Selective mutism
- Language disorders and social (pragmatic) communication disorder
What are screening assessments for autism?
- GOOD CLINICAL JUDGMENT
- Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ)
- Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)
What are diagnostic assessment tools for ASD?
- Autism diagnostic interview (ADI)
- Autism diagnostic observation scheduling (ADOS)
What investigations would you order if you suspect ASD?
- Cognitive assessment
- Speech language assessment
- Physical exam
- Genetic testing (clinical microarray)
- Brain/EEG if indicated
What is the prevalence of ASD?
1.85%
What is the male:female ratio of ASD?
4:1
How many patients with ASD have intellectual disability?
33%
How many patients with ASD have seizure disorders?
20%
What is the IQ “cutoff” for intellectual disability?
IQ of 70
What are the neuroanatomical changes seen in ASD?
large head circumference, increased brain weight
How many ASD patients have abnormalities on microarray?
5-10%
What is the primary psychological theory of ASD?
Patients with ASD lack a “theory of mind” - the ability to understand or make inferences about other people’s thoughts
What is the treatment for ASD?
- Applied behaviour analysis (ABA)
- Intensive behavioural intervention (IBI) - 20 h/week
What are the pharmacological treatments of ASD?
- No pharmacological interventions for ASD itself
- For aggression: risperidone, aripiprazole are FDA approved for use in children with ASD.
Haloperidone, olanzapine, lurasidone also better than placebo.
For repetitive behaviours: risperidone for children; fluvoxemine and fluoxetine for adults
What are the treatments for ASD and comorbid ADHD?
- Guanfacine
- Methylphenidate
- Atomoxetine
What is the prevalence of intellectual disability?
1%
