Autism Flashcards
what is the prevalence of autism?
1in 88
1 in 54 boys (42)
1 in 252 girls (189)
highest prevalence in whites
what is the gene etiology of autism?
Children who have a sibling or parent with an ASD are at a higher risk of also having an ASD
more often in people who have certain genetic or chromosomal conditions (down syn, fragile x)
what is the proof that the critical period for developing ASD is before birth?
research on brain acceleration/deceleration
High risk group has pattern that brain growth accelerates and decelerates at unusual rate
Can see child start talking then lose language skills
what are the first signs of autism before age 3?
Difficulties with Joint Attention
Not play "pretend" games ("feed" a doll) by 18 months
Difficulties with social interaction
Difficulties with communication
Get upset by minor changes
Unusual mannerismswhat is considered under the umbrella of “autism” in the DSM-5?
Autistic Disorder Aspergers Syndrome Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Rett’s Syndrome PDD-NOS
what is the diagnostic criteria for autism in the DSM-5?
deficits in reciprocal social interaction
deficits in language and communication
repetitive, stereotypical behavior, interests, activities
deficits in social communication
restricted behaviors & fixated behaviors
what is the shift in perspective for autism tx?
emphasizing abilities and strengths, deciphering how autistics learn and succeed in natural settings, avoiding language that frames autism as defect to be corrected
how is ASD described in the medical model?
STEREOTYPED behavior, interests and activities
encompassing PREOCCUPATION
more RESTRICTED that is intensity or focus
how is ASD described in the social model?
BEHAVIORS, INTERESTS and activities
encompassing CONCENTRATED interest that is intensity or focus
what are the levels of ASD?
Level 1: Requiring support (noticeable impairment)
Level 2: Requiring substantial support (marked impairment even with supports)
Level 3: requiring very substantial support (severe impairment)
what if someone falls outside of the levels of ASD?
exhibiting significant social communication challenges will then possibly be diagnosed as having “Social Communication Disorder.”
what are types of tx?
Behaviorial developmental structured teaching clinical therapies toddler tx models
how is sensory stimulation processed by ASD?
significantly lower sensory scores (higher presence) than typically developing children
How do individuals with ASD experience dyspraxia?
poor Praxis in children with autism is strongly correlated with the social, communicative and behavioral impairments used to define autism
what are the 3 core psychological needs of individuals with ASD?
Autonomy: freely choosing things in your life + not being controlled
Competence: doing things you initiate that make you stretch
Relatedness: Close relationships with others
