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World History II > Austrian and Russian Unification > Flashcards

Austrian and Russian Unification Flashcards

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0
Q

The ruler of the Hapsburg/Austrian Empire that was conservative but in a liberal age and believed he should “Rule and Change Nothing” was who?

A

Frances II

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1
Q

What is the Austrian Empire also called?

A

The Hapsburg Empire

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2
Q

How did Frances II feel about Industrialization?Why?

A

He limited it because he felt it threatened tradition and would bring social problems and unrest and was concerned about socialism

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3
Q

What was the ethnic diversity within the Hapsburg/Austrian Empire?

A

It was multicultural.

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4
Q

How many people spoke German within the Hapsburg/Austrian Empire?

A

Less than 25% spoke German.

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5
Q

What percent of the people in the Hapsburg/Austrian Empire belonged to the Slavic group?

A

50%

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6
Q

How did the minorities feel in the Hapsburg/Austrian Empire?

A

They wanted independence.

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7
Q

Explain “Peoples! What does that mean? I only know subjects!”. Who said it and when?

A

In 1830 Emperor Frances II said this. He did not see people as human beings. He saw them more as things that he could dictate to.

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8
Q

Do the people within the Empire revolt against Frances II and if so, what does he do?

A

They revolt and he crushes every revolt.

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9
Q

How many ethnic groups were there in Austria around the 1830s?

A

12

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10
Q

In Austria, the primary ethnicity was what during the 1830s?

A

German

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11
Q

In Hungary, the main ethnicity was what?

A

Magyars/Hungarians

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12
Q

Within Austria and Hungary in the 1830s, which was mostly industrial and which was more agricultural?

A

Austria was more industrial and Hungary was more agricultural.

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13
Q

Dual Monarchy

A

When two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same Monarch.

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14
Q

Who proposed a dual monarchy for the Hapsburg Empire and why?

A

Nationalism was strong and he felt that Hungary would be happier if they were not one nation with Austria so he formed a dual Monarchy.

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15
Q

What was Franz Joseph’s title under the dual monarchy?

A

He was King of Austria and Emperor of Hungary.

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16
Q

What governmental duties were shared and what duties were separate in terms of: Ministries of finance, defense and foreign affairs, parliament, and domestic policies?

A

Shared: Ministries of finance, defense, and foreign affairs
Separate: Parliament and Domestic Policies

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17
Q

Who were the rulers of Russia?

A

CANAAN=6 rulers
C: Catherine, A: Alexander I, N: Nicholas I, A: Alexander II,
A: Alexander III, N: Nicholas II

18
Q

Who reigned in Russia during 1801-1826 during the time of Napoleon?

A

Alexander I

19
Q

What was Alexander I known for?

A

Easing censorship and promoting education

20
Q

After the Congress of Vienna, who did Alexander I side with? Why?

A

He sided with the conservatives to maintain power

21
Q

Who ruled Russia from 1825-1855?

A

Nicholas I

22
Q

What was Nicholas I known for?

A

He was responsible for the modernization of Russia. He limited the power of the landowners. He did not change the social system.

23
Q

What was a big concern of Nicholas I?

A

He was worried about angering nobility and protests forming.

24
Q

What did Nicholas I say to his son regarding his legacy?

A

“I am handing you command of the country in a poor state”.

25
Q

Russification

A

To make more Russian

26
Q

Who ruled Russian from 1855-1881?

A

Alexander II

27
Q

What was Alexander II known for?

A

He was defeated in the Crimean War and as a result he made governmental reforms and emancipated serfs.

28
Q

What deficiencies in Russia became apparent due to loosing the Crimean War?

A

There was an overall lack of progress made in Russia. They lacked railroads and the overall bureaucracy needed reforms.

29
Q

When Alexander II emancipated the serfs, what could they now do?

A

They had more freedoms and they were now able to purchase the land they worked on.

30
Q

Now that the serfs had more freedoms, what happened in terms of the location of serfs and what movement did it encourage in Russia?

A

The serfs could now choose to leave their land so many went into cities and began to work in industry which helped industrialization in Russia.

31
Q

What were some of the reforms Alexander II implemented in Russia?

A

Trial by Jury, Eased Censorship, Reduced a soldiers term of service from 25 yrs to 15 yrs, encouraged industry and established Zemstvos.

32
Q

Zemstvo

A

a form of local government introduced by Alexander II. They were local elected assemblies responsible for road repair, schools and agricultural decisions.

33
Q

Did the reforms of Alexander II satisfy most Russians and what was the result?

A

No they were not satisfied and revolutionary ideas and actions began.

34
Q

What were the complaints of the peasants under the rule of Alexander II?

A

Although they had more freedoms, they were not able to have land.

35
Q

Why were the liberals in Russia unhappy with Alexander II reforms?

A

They wanted a constitution and an elected legislature.

36
Q

Why were the radicals unhappy with the reforms of Alexander II in Russia? How did they attempt to reach their goals?

A

They wanted socialism. They preached to the peasants and encouraged rebellion, and they began to uprise. The encouraged them to follow through with the “People’s Will” where they plotted to kill the Tzar.

37
Q

What is Alexander II’s response to the radicals and how do they retaliate?

A

Alexander II becomes more conservative so the radicals assassinate Alexander II in 1881.

38
Q

How did Alexander III respond to his fathers assassination in 1881?

A

1) He increased the power of the secret police.
2) He increased censorship.
3) He exiled critics to Siberia.

39
Q

Slavophile

A

Patriotic to Slavic Society

40
Q

How was Russification furthered under Alexander III?

A

All people had to be Russian and practice the Russian religion.

41
Q

What happened to many Jews and Muslims

A

They were seen as going against the government so they were exiled or worse.

42
Q

During what span of time did Alexander III reign in Russia?

A

1881-1894

43
Q

Who was the last Tzar of Russia and for how long did he reign? Was he effective or ineffective?

A

Nicholas II 1894-1912. He was ineffective.

World History II (2 decks)

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