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Austria Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ‘trinkstuben’?

A

Wine rooms where the proprietors are able to serve wine of their own production. Early tasting rooms? Started with the opening of the Seitzerkeller in 1327 Vienna

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2
Q

In what centuries did Austrian viticulture peak?

A

The 15th and 16th centuries - totally 3x of what’s under vine today

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3
Q

What is the “Luther Wine”?

A

An officially documented top-grade desert wine produced in Donnerskirchen for the first time in 1526. Most likely a TBA.

The ruling prince purchased a large cask in 1653 of which the last drop was finally drunk in 1852.

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4
Q

What was the ‘Josephinisiche Zirkularverordnung’?

A

The 1784 decree from Emperor Joseph II that granted every individual the privilege of selling or serving food, wine, and cider at all times of the year and at any price they choose - this gave way to the rise of the Heurigen and Buschenschanken.

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5
Q

When was the oldest viticultural college in the world founded and in what town?

A

Klosterneuberg - 1860

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6
Q

In what years did oidium, peronospora, and phylloxera arrive in Austria?

A

Oidium - 1850
Phylloxera - 1872
Peronospora - 1878

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7
Q

When did the first Austrian wine law go into effect and what did it cover?

A

1907: it listed the techniques permitted in winemaking and forbid the fabrication of artificial wines

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8
Q

What year did Austria as we know it take shape and with what event?

A

1918 with the collapse of the Hapsberg monarchy

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9
Q

Who created Rotburger and when? What is it a crossing of and what is it more commonly known as?

A

Dr. Friedrich Zweigelt in 1922

  • A crossing of Blaufrankisch and Sankt Laurent
  • known as Blauer Zweigelt
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10
Q

What year did Austria enter the EU, adopting the wine law of the EU?

A

1995

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11
Q

What year did an amendment to the wine law in Austria establish the DAC system? What was the first DAC and in what vintage?

A

The amendment established the DAC system in 2001
The first DAC appeared with the 2002 Weinvertel DAC - a dry and ‘typical’ style of Gruner Veltliner for the designated area

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12
Q

In what year was Austria’s first red wine of designated origin released? What was it, what vintage, and where was it from?

A

2005 red from Mittelburgenland, released in 2006. This is also the first time DAC wines are arranged into Klassik and Reserve categories.

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13
Q

What is the first Austrian wine to be awarded 100 Parker Points and in what year?

A

1995 Nikolaihof “Vinothek’ Riesling- awarded in 2014

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14
Q

Austria has 9 ‘generic’ wine growing regions. Name the 4 most important of these. Bonus points for naming the 5 not important ones (for geography’s sake).

A

Important: Niederösterreich, Burgenland, Steiermark, Wien (Vienna)

Not Important: Karnten, Oberösterreich, Vorarlberg, Tirol, Salzburg

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15
Q

What are Niederosterreich’s 8 specified wine growing regions?

A
  1. Wachau
  2. Kamptal
  3. Kremstal
  4. Wagram
  5. Traisental
  6. Weinviertel
  7. Carnuntum
  8. Thermenregion
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16
Q

What are Burgenland’s 5 specified wine growing regions?

A
  1. Neusiedlersee
  2. Leithaburg
  3. Rosalia
  4. Mittelburgenland
  5. Eisenberg
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17
Q

What are Steiermark’s 3 specified wine growing regions?

A
  1. Vulkanland Steiermark
  2. Sudsteiermark
  3. Weststeiermark
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18
Q

What is landwein from Wien marketed as?

A

Weinland

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19
Q

What are Vienna’s 2 specified wine growing areas?

A

Wien

Wien Gemischter Satz

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20
Q

Which 4 of Austria’s specified wine growing areas do not yet carry DAC status? What are their focal varieties and what does this mean for their varietal choice?

A

Wachau: Riesling, Gruner
Thermenregion: Zierfandler, Rotgipfler, Sankt Laurent, Pinot Noir
Wagram: Gruner Veltliner, Roter Veltliner
Carnuntum: Zweigelt, Blaufrankisch
*this means that they can be bottled by said region but theoretically produce Qualitatswein from 40 varieties

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21
Q

What does DAC stand for?

A

Districtus Austriae Controllatus

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22
Q

What is Gebietswein?

A

Regional wine - the lowest tier of DAC wine

Ex: Weinviertel DAC OR Mittelburgenland DAC, with no further place designation

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23
Q

What is Ortswein?

A

Village level wine within the DAC system

Ex: Sudsteiermark DAC Kitzeck-Sausal (has a communal or grosslage designation attached to the DAC statement)

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24
Q

What is Riedenwine?

A

Single Vineyard wine within the DAC system
Ex: Kamptal DAC Ried Zobinger Heiligenstein
(DAC + Commune/Grosslage + Single Vineyard)

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25
Q

What is the most narrowly defined designation of origin in the DAC tier?

A

Riedenwein

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26
Q

List the general wine growing areas in order of highest plantings to lowest: Wien, Burgenland, Seiermark, Niederosterreich. Bonus points for naming an approximate number of hectares for each.

A

Niederosterreich: 28,145ha
Burgenland: 13,100ha
Steiermark: 4633ha
Wien: 637ha

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27
Q

Name the 13 DACs.

A
  1. Kamptal
  2. Kremstal
  3. Traisental
  4. Wagram
  5. Weinviertel
  6. Wiener Gemischter Satz
  7. Leithaberg
  8. Rosalia
  9. Neusiedlersee
  10. MIttelburgenland
  11. Vulkanland Steiermark
  12. Eisenberg
  13. Sudsteiermark
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28
Q

What scale is used in Austria to measure must weight? How does it work?

A

Klosterneuburger Mostwaage

Developed by Baron Von Babo in 1896. Indicates the density of sugar content as a percentage… 1 °KMW = 1% Sugar

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29
Q

What is ‘Aufbessern’ and ‘Anreichern”?

A

The chaptalisation or enrichment of must. Permitted limit is 2% of volume.

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30
Q

What is the conversion rate from KMW to Oechsle?

A

1° KMW = 5° Oeschle approximately

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31
Q

What is the Traubenmost?

A

Grape must

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32
Q

What is Sturm? What are its 3 official areas of origin?

A

Partially fermented grape must
(means ‘storm’, taking its name from the stormy cloudiness of the still fermenting must). It is defined by the fact that it is sold for consumption still fermenting.
*Weinland, Steierland, Bergland

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33
Q

What is Perlwein? What parameters define it?

A
  • Between 1 and 2.5 bars pressure
  • Bottled and filled in a container with a max content of 60 liters
  • Must exhibit at least 9% abv
  • CO2 can be natural or added- if added, is labelled as such
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34
Q

What is Schaumwein? What parameters define it?

A

Designates sparkling wine made via primary or secondary fermentation, containing at least 3 bars pressure and 8.5% alcohol

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35
Q

73 Ochlse ° is how many KMW?

84 °? 94°? 105°? 127°?

A 
15
17.1
19
21
25
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36
Q 
Convert these KMW points to Oeschle:
15
17.1
19
21
25
A 
73°
84°
94°
105°
127°
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37
Q

Name 5 methods that can be used to make Schaumwein?

A 
Methode Rural (Asti/primary ferment)
Methode Ancestral (pet nat)
Methode Champenois (secondary)
Charmat (Secondary)
Transfer Method (Secondary)
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38
Q

What would the term ‘Bergwein’ designate on a label?

A

Wine from a hillside vineyard with more than 26% slope

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39
Q

What parameters define Österreichischer Sekt and Sekt g.U?

A

At least 3.5 bar pressure

If using either designation, must be from the 40 permissible grape varieties

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40
Q

What is the minimum KMW° for Wein, Landwein, Qualitatswein? What is the minimum alcohol and tartaric acid for all?

A

10
14
15
*min 8.5% alc; min 4 g/l tartaric acid

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41
Q

What 5 criteria must an Austrian wine labelled as Kabinett meet?

A
  1. min. 17° KMW
  2. no chaptalisation
  3. Max. 9 g/l unfermented sugar
  4. 13% max potential alcohol
  5. no sweetening of the wine has taken place
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42
Q

What does Pradikatswein mean to Austria?

A

Pradikatswein are Qualitatswein produced according to specific levels of ripeness and/or harvesting and processing. Pradikatswein can be labelled by region (Burgenland) or any designated area that isn’t a DAC (Wachau)

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43
Q

What is the Mostwagerbescheinigung?

A

A wine inspection certificate confirming the quality of harvested grapes for Qualitatswein

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44
Q

Define Spatlese according to the Austrian Pradikat system?

A

Perfectly ripe grapes

Min. must weight at 19° (aka 94.2° O)

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45
Q

Define Auslese according to the Austrian Pradikat system?

A
  • Selection of grapes… must be fully ripe and not spoiled/diseased
  • min. must weight of 21° KMW (105° O)
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46
Q

Define Beerenauslese according to the Austrian Pradikat system?

A
  • wine from overripe and botrytis-affected grapes

- min. must weight 25° KMW (127.3° O)

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47
Q

Define Eiswein according to the Austrian Pradikat system?

A

Wine produced from grapes harvested while solidly frozen and pressed while still frozen
- min. must weight of 25° KMW (127.3° O)

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48
Q

Define Strohwein/Wchilfwein according to the Austrian pradikat system?

A

Wine produced from fully ripe and sugar-rich grapes that were dried on mats of reed or straw - or hung - for a minimum of 3 months prior to vinification.
- min must weight of 25° KMW (127.3° O)

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49
Q

Define Trockenbeerenauslese according to the Austrian Pradikat system?

A

Wine produced from late-harvested grapes predominately affected by botrytis and extremely shriveled
- min must weight 30° KMW (156°O)

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50
Q

What TBA wine is produced in the free city of Rust?

A

Ausbruch

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51
Q

What does the term Hauersekt indicate?

A

That tirage, disgorgement and expedition are performed by the grape grower

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52
Q

What 5 parameters define an Austrian Sekt Klassik?

A
  1. grapes are all from 1 federal state
  2. min 9 months on lees
  3. not released pre Oct 22 of next year
  4. extant alcohol is stated on label, max 12.5%
  5. Mandatory indicativo of federal state as the PDO w/out a more detailed geographic designation
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53
Q

What 7 parameters define an Austrian Reserve Sekt?

A
  1. harvest/pressing at a max yield of 60% and from 1 federal state
  2. manual harvest/whole cluster pressing
  3. min 18 months on lees
  4. must be traditional method
  5. not released before Oct 22 of 2nd year
  6. no more than 12 g/l RS
  7. must state PDO w/out further geo designation
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54
Q

What 9 parameters define an Austrian Grosse Reserve Sekt?

A
  1. harvest/pressing at a max yield rate of 50% from 1 single fed state
  2. hand harvest mandatory + whole cluster
  3. min 30 months on lees
  4. traditional method exclusively
  5. released only after Oct 22 of 3rd year
  6. no more than 12g RS
  7. mandatory indication of PDO
  8. mandatory indication of municipality with at least 85% of grapes coming from it
  9. additional indication of grosslage or red is allowed
55
Q

Time on the lees: how long for Sekt Klassik, Reserve, and Grosse Reserve?

A

9 months for Klassik
18 months for Reserve
30 months for Grosse Reserve

56
Q

What is the Austrian word for ‘brut’? What are the allowed RS content for this category?

A

Herb

0 to 12 g/l

57
Q

An Austrian trocken sekt corresponds to ______ and what are the allowed RS levels?

A

Demi sec/Medium Dry

32 to 50 g/l RS

58
Q

Extra Trocken Sekt has what range of allowable RS?

A

12 to 17 g/l

59
Q

Brut Nature/Brut Zero Austrian Sekt is allowed up to how much RS?

A

0 to 3g/l RS

60
Q

Extra Brut/Extra Herb Austrian Sekt is allowed what range of RS?

A

0 to 6g/l RS

61
Q

Austrian Sekt: what does the term Mild indicate?

A

Over 50g/l RS. This indicates a sweet/dolce/doux wine

62
Q

What is the name of the red and white flag on the capsule of Austrian wines? What designations are allowed to carry it?

A

Banderole

Only Qualitatswein can - win and landwein may not

63
Q

How much variability in alcohol can there be in the bottle vs. stated for an Austrian wine?

A

+/- .5%

64
Q

How much of the stated vintage and varietal must every bottle of Austrian wine contain?

A

85%

65
Q

What does Heuriger indicate?

A

A wine that may only be sold to wholesalers until 31 December of year following harvest.. and to consumers no later than 31 March of the year after that.

66
Q

What is Schilcher?

A

a protected declaration permitted only in the Steiermark for rose wines produced from Blauer Wildbacher

67
Q

What is a Jungfernwein?

A

Wine from the very first harvest of a new vineyard

68
Q

What does handgelesen indicate?

A

A term allowed on the label to indicate a handpicked wine

69
Q

Name 6 leading viticultural towns on the northern bank in the Wachau?

A 
Spitz
Wosendorf
Joching
Weissenkirchen
Durnstein
Loiben
70
Q

Name 3 leading viticultural towns on the south bank in the Wachau?

A

Arnsdorf
Rossatz
Mautern

71
Q

What year was the Vinea Wachau formed and on what basis?

A

1983

It divided dry white wines into three categories based on natural alcohol content by volume

72
Q

What is the max. alcohol levels for Steinfeder and what is this category named after?

A

Steinfeder is the designation for light-bodied, aromatic whites showing up to 11.5% alc.
Named after the tall, feather-like grass Stipa Pennata.

73
Q

What is the max. alcohol levels for Federspiel and what is this category named after?

A

Federspiel’s alcohol ranges from 11.5% to 12.5% alcohol. Named for a falconer’s tool.

74
Q

What is the alcohol range for Smaragd wines?

A

12.5% alcohol minimum

75
Q

What region north of the Wachau influences the area with cool breezes?

A

Waldviertel

76
Q

What is the vineyard area of the Wachau, approximately?

A

1,344ha

77
Q

What is the vineyard area of the Kremstal, approximately?

A

2,368ha

78
Q

What are the (6) leading viticultural towns of the Kremstal?

A

Stein, Krems, Senftenberg, Rohrendorf, Gedersdorf, Furth

79
Q

What monumental Benedictine abbey was founded in 1072, in the Kremstal?

A

Stift Gottweig

80
Q

What is the prescribed flavor profile for Kremstal DAC? For Reserve?

A

Concentration in accordance with the vintage, no obvious signs of botrytis, well balanced
Reserve: Robust, pronounced character, concentrated and long finish, delicate notes of botrytis and wood permissible

81
Q

Approximately how much vineyard area does the Kamptal DAC cover?

A

3907ha

82
Q

What are the 6 leading viticultural towns of the Kamptal DAC?

A 
Langenlois 
Zobing
Gobelsburg
Kammern
Strass
Schonberg
83
Q

What are red and white Pinot wines as well as Zweigelt labelled as in the Kamptal DAC?

A

Neiderosterreich

84
Q

What are the prescribed flavor profiles for Kamptal DAC, normal and reserve?

A

Concentration in accordance with the vintage, no obvious signs of botrytis, well balanced
Reserve: Robust, pronounced character, concentrated and long finish, delicate notes of botrytis and wood permissible

85
Q

Traismauer and Herzogenburg are important wine towns in what DAC?

A

Traisental

86
Q

Approximately how many hectares of vineyard area exist in the Traisental DAC? What large percentage of land is planted to what grape?

A

815ha

60% planted to gruner veltliner

87
Q

What are 5 important viticultural towns in the Traisental DAC?

A 
Nussdorf
Reichersdorf
Inzersdorf
Traismauer
Herzogenburg
88
Q

What was the Wagram known as previous to 2007?

A

Donauland

89
Q

What are the principal grape varieties of Wagram?

A

Gruner
Riesling
Roter Veltliner

90
Q

Grossriedenthal is a commune located in what region? What wine is this commune known for?

A

Wagram - Eiswein

91
Q

What is Austria’s largest privately owned wine estate?

A

Stift Klosterneuburg

92
Q

Approximately how many hectares of vineyard are in the Wagram? How many of these are planted to Gruner?

A

6700ha of Wagram’s 13,858ha are planted to Gruner, representing about half of the country’s Gruner plantings

93
Q

How many hectares of land are devoted to Weiner Gemischter Satz DAC?

A

178ha

94
Q

What are the stipulations for a wine to be labelled Weiner Gemischter Satz DAC?

A
  • at least 3 white grapes, Qualistatwein approved varieties. Must be harvested/pressed together
  • must be planted in a Viennese vineyard listed in the cadastre of the Vienna Vineyard Land Register
  • no single grape can exceed 50%; and the 3rd largest variety must be at least 10%
  • up to 20 varieties can be co-planted
  • must be vinified dry , no cooperage detectable, and no more than 12.5% alcohol
95
Q

What 5 ‘new breed’ white grapes are part of the Austrian quality wine range?

A 
Muller Thurgau
Muskat-Ottonel
Scheurebe
Jubilaumsrebe
Goldburger
96
Q

What 4 ‘new breed’ red grapes are part of the Austrian quality wine range?

A

Blauburger
Zweigelt
Rathay
Roesler

97
Q

What is a ‘PIWI’?

A

A fungal resistant variety, created for that exact purpose

98
Q

What 5 PIWI grapes are including in the Austrian quality wine range?

A 
Blutenmuskateller
Muscaris
Sougignier Gris
Rathay (red)
Roesler (red)
99
Q

What 5 white PIWI grapes are permitted for planting for wines without PDO status? What 3 red grapes?

A

White: Bronner, Cabernet Blanc, Johanniter, Donauveltliner, Donauriesling
Red: Pinot Nova, Cabernet Jura, Regent

100
Q

What is the parentage of Gruner Veltliner?

A

Traminer x St. Georgen

101
Q

What is Hochkultur and what effect did this have on Austrian viticulture?

A

High training system created by Lenz Moser - allowed plantings of Gruner Veltliner to spread in the 1950’s

102
Q

What is Chasselas de Courtillier?

A

Madeleine Royale

103
Q

What is Muller Thurgau’s parentage?

A

Riesling x Chasselas de Courtillier

104
Q

When and where was Muller Thurgau created?

A

1882 at the Geisenheim Research Center in Hessen, Germany. It was bred by Hermann Muller of the Swiss canton Thurgau. It is the oldest successful new breed in the world.

105
Q

Rivaner and Riesling-Sylvaner are synonyms of what grape and why?

A

Muller Thurgau - reflects the original but incorrect statement of parentage

106
Q

What is riesling’s parentage?

A

A natural crossing of Weisser Heunisch and a Frankisch variety (Traminer seedling)

107
Q

What is Roter Riesling?

A

An extremely rare mutation of riesling, creating a pink-skinned version of the grape

108
Q

Weisser Burgunder is a synonym for what grape?

A

Pinot Blanc

109
Q

Morillon is a synonym for what grape? Where is this name commonly used?

A

Chardonnay

Steiermark

110
Q

What is the parentage for Chardonnay?

A

Burgunder x Heunisch

111
Q

When/where in Austria was Sauvignon Blanc introduced? What was it historically called?

A

Archbishop Johann - introduced it to the Steiermark in the 19th century. It was known as Muscat-Sylvaner

112
Q

What is Neuburger a crossing of and where did it probably originate?

A

Roter Veltliner x Sylvaner

Wachau

113
Q

What are 3 synonyms for Muskateller?

A 
Roter Muskateller (red)
Gelber Muskateller (yellow)
Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
114
Q

What is Fruhroter Veltliner a cross of? What name does it also go by? What is its role in Austrian wine?

A

Natural crossing of riesling and sylvaner
Also known as Malvasier.
Decreasing in importance - it is marketed mainly as a table grape, as en primeur or as an easy early drinking wine in general

115
Q

What is Samling 88?

A

Scheurebe

116
Q

When/where and by who was Scheurebe created?

A

Scheurebe was created in 1916 by Georg Scheu as a seedling (samling) from riesling and Bukettraube

117
Q

Where/when was Muskat Ottonel created? What is it a cross of and who created it? What Austrian region is it most important to?

A

A new breed of Gutedel x Muscat de Saumur, created by Jean Moreau, a private grower in Angers in 1839. Most important in the Burgenland.

118
Q

What is Bouvier a cross of? What is its role and where is it significant in Austria wine?

A

A crossing of Gelber Muskateller x Weissburgunder bred around 1900 by Clotar Bouvier. It is mainly grown in Burgenland and most often sold as table grapes, sturm, or a simple young wine

119
Q

Name 2 synonyms for Pinot Gris in Austria.

A

Grauburgunder

Rulander

120
Q

Where is Roter Veltliner thought to be from and what is its significance in Austria? Where is it planted?

A

Probably from the Valtellina.
It is the parent variety of the Veltliner group and a natural crossing partner for Neuberger, Zierfandler, and Rotgipfler
Plantings are limited but it is mainly grown in the Niederosterriech, particularly in Wagram, Kamptal, Kremstal

121
Q

What are 2 synonyms for Zweigelt? When/where and by whom was this variety created? What is the crossing?

A
  1. Blauer Zweigelt and Rotburger
  2. Created by Dr. Fritz Zweigelt in 1922 at Klosterneuberg
  3. Sankt Laurent x Blaufrankisch
122
Q

What is the parentage of Blaufrankisch?

A

A natural crossing of the Heunisch variety with Blaue Zimmettraube

123
Q

Name 4 new breeds Blaufrankisch is a parent of.

A

Zweigelt
Roesler
Rathay
Blauburger

124
Q

Where are plantings of Blaufrankisch mainly concentrated?

A

Eastern Niederösterreich and in Burgenland

125
Q

What 3 DACs is blaufrankisch a leading variety in?

A

Leithaberg
Eisenberg
Mittelburgenland

126
Q

What is Blauer Portugieser? Where/when/by whom did it find its way to Austria and where is it mainly grown today?

A
  • Blaue Zimmettraube x Sylvaner
  • brought from Oporto to Voslau by Baron von Fries in 1770
  • grows mainly in Niederosterreich in the Thermenregion and Weinviertel
127
Q

What is Blauburger - where/when was it created and by whom?

A
  • Blauer Portugieser x Blaufrankisch
  • creation of Dr. Fritz Zweigelt at Klosterneuberg in 1923
  • Grows mainly in the Niederosterreich.. mainly in the Weinviertel
128
Q

What are the origins of Sankt Laurent? What is the significance of its name?

A

Probably indigenous to Niederosterreich - it is a natural Burgunder seedling, named after St. Lawrence’s Day (Aug 10), the day when the grapes begin to change color

129
Q

Where are plantings of Sankt Laurent concentrated?

A

It is found mainly in the Thermenregion and northern Burgenland

130
Q

What is Blauer Wildbacher and what is its significance for Austrian wine?

A
  • From Wildbach in the Steiermark - still grown mainly here, in the Schilcherland.
  • It is a natural seedling of the Heunisch variety, closely related to blaufrankisch
131
Q

Where is one likely to find Merlot in Austria?

A

All wine growing regions EXCEPT Steiermark

132
Q

Where is one likely to find Cab Franc in Austria?

A

Present in some large vineyard areas in Burgenland, otherwise very uncommon

133
Q

What are the origins of Rosenmuskateller?

A

From Dalmatia - a crossing of Gelber Muskateller and an unknown. This is a newly permitted variety as of 2017.

ADVANCED SOMM (13 decks)

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