Austria Flashcards
1
Q
What is a ‘trinkstuben’?
A
Wine rooms where the proprietors are able to serve wine of their own production. Early tasting rooms? Started with the opening of the Seitzerkeller in 1327 Vienna
2
Q
In what centuries did Austrian viticulture peak?
A
The 15th and 16th centuries - totally 3x of what’s under vine today
3
Q
What is the “Luther Wine”?
A
An officially documented top-grade desert wine produced in Donnerskirchen for the first time in 1526. Most likely a TBA.
The ruling prince purchased a large cask in 1653 of which the last drop was finally drunk in 1852.
4
Q
What was the ‘Josephinisiche Zirkularverordnung’?
A
The 1784 decree from Emperor Joseph II that granted every individual the privilege of selling or serving food, wine, and cider at all times of the year and at any price they choose - this gave way to the rise of the Heurigen and Buschenschanken.
5
Q
When was the oldest viticultural college in the world founded and in what town?
A
Klosterneuberg - 1860
6
Q
In what years did oidium, peronospora, and phylloxera arrive in Austria?
A
Oidium - 1850
Phylloxera - 1872
Peronospora - 1878
7
Q
When did the first Austrian wine law go into effect and what did it cover?
A
1907: it listed the techniques permitted in winemaking and forbid the fabrication of artificial wines
8
Q
What year did Austria as we know it take shape and with what event?
A
1918 with the collapse of the Hapsberg monarchy
9
Q
Who created Rotburger and when? What is it a crossing of and what is it more commonly known as?
A
Dr. Friedrich Zweigelt in 1922
- A crossing of Blaufrankisch and Sankt Laurent
- known as Blauer Zweigelt
10
Q
What year did Austria enter the EU, adopting the wine law of the EU?
A
1995
11
Q
What year did an amendment to the wine law in Austria establish the DAC system? What was the first DAC and in what vintage?
A
The amendment established the DAC system in 2001
The first DAC appeared with the 2002 Weinvertel DAC - a dry and ‘typical’ style of Gruner Veltliner for the designated area
12
Q
In what year was Austria’s first red wine of designated origin released? What was it, what vintage, and where was it from?
A
2005 red from Mittelburgenland, released in 2006. This is also the first time DAC wines are arranged into Klassik and Reserve categories.
13
Q
What is the first Austrian wine to be awarded 100 Parker Points and in what year?
A
1995 Nikolaihof “Vinothek’ Riesling- awarded in 2014
14
Q
Austria has 9 ‘generic’ wine growing regions. Name the 4 most important of these. Bonus points for naming the 5 not important ones (for geography’s sake).
A
Important: Niederösterreich, Burgenland, Steiermark, Wien (Vienna)
Not Important: Karnten, Oberösterreich, Vorarlberg, Tirol, Salzburg
15
Q
What are Niederosterreich’s 8 specified wine growing regions?
A
- Wachau
- Kamptal
- Kremstal
- Wagram
- Traisental
- Weinviertel
- Carnuntum
- Thermenregion
16
Q
What are Burgenland’s 5 specified wine growing regions?
A
- Neusiedlersee
- Leithaburg
- Rosalia
- Mittelburgenland
- Eisenberg
17
Q
What are Steiermark’s 3 specified wine growing regions?
A
- Vulkanland Steiermark
- Sudsteiermark
- Weststeiermark
18
Q
What is landwein from Wien marketed as?
A
Weinland
19
Q
What are Vienna’s 2 specified wine growing areas?
A
Wien
Wien Gemischter Satz
20
Q
Which 4 of Austria’s specified wine growing areas do not yet carry DAC status? What are their focal varieties and what does this mean for their varietal choice?
A
Wachau: Riesling, Gruner
Thermenregion: Zierfandler, Rotgipfler, Sankt Laurent, Pinot Noir
Wagram: Gruner Veltliner, Roter Veltliner
Carnuntum: Zweigelt, Blaufrankisch
*this means that they can be bottled by said region but theoretically produce Qualitatswein from 40 varieties
21
Q
What does DAC stand for?
A
Districtus Austriae Controllatus
22
Q
What is Gebietswein?
A
Regional wine - the lowest tier of DAC wine
Ex: Weinviertel DAC OR Mittelburgenland DAC, with no further place designation
23
Q
What is Ortswein?
A
Village level wine within the DAC system
Ex: Sudsteiermark DAC Kitzeck-Sausal (has a communal or grosslage designation attached to the DAC statement)
24
Q
What is Riedenwine?
A
Single Vineyard wine within the DAC system
Ex: Kamptal DAC Ried Zobinger Heiligenstein
(DAC + Commune/Grosslage + Single Vineyard)
25
What is the most narrowly defined designation of origin in the DAC tier?
Riedenwein
26
List the general wine growing areas in order of highest plantings to lowest: Wien, Burgenland, Seiermark, Niederosterreich. Bonus points for naming an approximate number of hectares for each.
Niederosterreich: 28,145ha
Burgenland: 13,100ha
Steiermark: 4633ha
Wien: 637ha
27
Name the 13 DACs.
1. Kamptal
2. Kremstal
3. Traisental
4. Wagram
5. Weinviertel
6. Wiener Gemischter Satz
7. Leithaberg
8. Rosalia
9. Neusiedlersee
10. MIttelburgenland
11. Vulkanland Steiermark
12. Eisenberg
13. Sudsteiermark
28
What scale is used in Austria to measure must weight? How does it work?
Klosterneuburger Mostwaage
| Developed by Baron Von Babo in 1896. Indicates the density of sugar content as a percentage... 1 °KMW = 1% Sugar
29
What is 'Aufbessern' and 'Anreichern"?
The chaptalisation or enrichment of must. Permitted limit is 2% of volume.
30
What is the conversion rate from KMW to Oechsle?
1° KMW = 5° Oeschle *approximately*
31
What is the Traubenmost?
Grape must
32
What is Sturm? What are its 3 official areas of origin?
Partially fermented grape must
(means 'storm', taking its name from the stormy cloudiness of the still fermenting must). It is defined by the fact that it is sold for consumption still fermenting.
*Weinland, Steierland, Bergland
33
What is Perlwein? What parameters define it?
- Between 1 and 2.5 bars pressure
- Bottled and filled in a container with a max content of 60 liters
- Must exhibit at least 9% abv
- CO2 can be natural or added- if added, is labelled as such
34
What is Schaumwein? What parameters define it?
Designates sparkling wine made via primary or secondary fermentation, containing at least 3 bars pressure and 8.5% alcohol
35
73 Ochlse ° is how many KMW?
| 84 °? 94°? 105°? 127°?
```
15
17.1
19
21
25
```
36
```
Convert these KMW points to Oeschle:
15
17.1
19
21
25
```
```
73°
84°
94°
105°
127°
```
37
Name 5 methods that can be used to make Schaumwein?
```
Methode Rural (Asti/primary ferment)
Methode Ancestral (pet nat)
Methode Champenois (secondary)
Charmat (Secondary)
Transfer Method (Secondary)
```
38
What would the term 'Bergwein' designate on a label?
Wine from a hillside vineyard with more than 26% slope
39
What parameters define Österreichischer Sekt and Sekt g.U?
At least 3.5 bar pressure
| If using either designation, must be from the 40 permissible grape varieties
40
What is the minimum KMW° for Wein, Landwein, Qualitatswein? What is the minimum alcohol and tartaric acid for all?
10
14
15
*min 8.5% alc; min 4 g/l tartaric acid
41
What 5 criteria must an Austrian wine labelled as Kabinett meet?
1. min. 17° KMW
2. no chaptalisation
3. Max. 9 g/l unfermented sugar
4. 13% max potential alcohol
5. no sweetening of the wine has taken place
42
What does Pradikatswein mean to Austria?
Pradikatswein are Qualitatswein produced according to specific levels of ripeness and/or harvesting and processing. Pradikatswein can be labelled by region (Burgenland) or any designated area that isn't a DAC (Wachau)
43
What is the Mostwagerbescheinigung?
A wine inspection certificate confirming the quality of harvested grapes for Qualitatswein
44
Define Spatlese according to the Austrian Pradikat system?
Perfectly ripe grapes
| Min. must weight at 19° (aka 94.2° O)
45
Define Auslese according to the Austrian Pradikat system?
- Selection of grapes... must be fully ripe and not spoiled/diseased
- min. must weight of 21° KMW (105° O)
46
Define Beerenauslese according to the Austrian Pradikat system?
- wine from overripe and botrytis-affected grapes
| - min. must weight 25° KMW (127.3° O)
47
Define Eiswein according to the Austrian Pradikat system?
Wine produced from grapes harvested while solidly frozen and pressed while still frozen
- min. must weight of 25° KMW (127.3° O)
48
Define Strohwein/Wchilfwein according to the Austrian pradikat system?
Wine produced from fully ripe and sugar-rich grapes that were dried on mats of reed or straw - or hung - for a minimum of 3 months prior to vinification.
- min must weight of 25° KMW (127.3° O)
49
Define Trockenbeerenauslese according to the Austrian Pradikat system?
Wine produced from late-harvested grapes predominately affected by botrytis and extremely shriveled
- min must weight 30° KMW (156°O)
50
What TBA wine is produced in the free city of Rust?
Ausbruch
51
What does the term Hauersekt indicate?
That tirage, disgorgement and expedition are performed by the grape grower
52
What 5 parameters define an Austrian Sekt Klassik?
1. grapes are all from 1 federal state
2. min 9 months on lees
3. not released pre Oct 22 of next year
4. extant alcohol is stated on label, max 12.5%
5. Mandatory indicativo of federal state as the PDO w/out a more detailed geographic designation
53
What 7 parameters define an Austrian Reserve Sekt?
1. harvest/pressing at a max yield of 60% and from 1 federal state
2. manual harvest/whole cluster pressing
3. min 18 months on lees
4. must be traditional method
5. not released before Oct 22 of 2nd year
6. no more than 12 g/l RS
7. must state PDO w/out further geo designation
54
What 9 parameters define an Austrian Grosse Reserve Sekt?
1. harvest/pressing at a max yield rate of 50% from 1 single fed state
2. hand harvest mandatory + whole cluster
3. min 30 months on lees
4. traditional method exclusively
5. released only after Oct 22 of 3rd year
6. no more than 12g RS
7. mandatory indication of PDO
8. mandatory indication of municipality with at least 85% of grapes coming from it
9. additional indication of grosslage or red is allowed
55
Time on the lees: how long for Sekt Klassik, Reserve, and Grosse Reserve?
9 months for Klassik
18 months for Reserve
30 months for Grosse Reserve
56
What is the Austrian word for 'brut'? What are the allowed RS content for this category?
Herb
| 0 to 12 g/l
57
An Austrian trocken sekt corresponds to ______ and what are the allowed RS levels?
Demi sec/Medium Dry
| 32 to 50 g/l RS
58
Extra Trocken Sekt has what range of allowable RS?
12 to 17 g/l
59
Brut Nature/Brut Zero Austrian Sekt is allowed up to how much RS?
0 to 3g/l RS
60
Extra Brut/Extra Herb Austrian Sekt is allowed what range of RS?
0 to 6g/l RS
61
Austrian Sekt: what does the term Mild indicate?
Over 50g/l RS. This indicates a sweet/dolce/doux wine
62
What is the name of the red and white flag on the capsule of Austrian wines? What designations are allowed to carry it?
Banderole
| Only Qualitatswein can - win and landwein may not
63
How much variability in alcohol can there be in the bottle vs. stated for an Austrian wine?
+/- .5%
64
How much of the stated vintage and varietal must every bottle of Austrian wine contain?
85%
65
What does Heuriger indicate?
A wine that may only be sold to wholesalers until 31 December of year following harvest.. and to consumers no later than 31 March of the year after that.
66
What is Schilcher?
a protected declaration permitted only in the Steiermark for rose wines produced from Blauer Wildbacher
67
What is a Jungfernwein?
Wine from the very first harvest of a new vineyard
68
What does handgelesen indicate?
A term allowed on the label to indicate a handpicked wine
69
Name 6 leading viticultural towns on the northern bank in the Wachau?
```
Spitz
Wosendorf
Joching
Weissenkirchen
Durnstein
Loiben
```
70
Name 3 leading viticultural towns on the south bank in the Wachau?
Arnsdorf
Rossatz
Mautern
71
What year was the Vinea Wachau formed and on what basis?
1983
| It divided dry white wines into three categories based on natural alcohol content by volume
72
What is the max. alcohol levels for Steinfeder and what is this category named after?
Steinfeder is the designation for light-bodied, aromatic whites showing up to 11.5% alc.
Named after the tall, feather-like grass Stipa Pennata.
73
What is the max. alcohol levels for Federspiel and what is this category named after?
Federspiel's alcohol ranges from 11.5% to 12.5% alcohol. Named for a falconer's tool.
74
What is the alcohol range for Smaragd wines?
12.5% alcohol minimum
75
What region north of the Wachau influences the area with cool breezes?
Waldviertel
76
What is the vineyard area of the Wachau, approximately?
1,344ha
77
What is the vineyard area of the Kremstal, approximately?
2,368ha
78
What are the (6) leading viticultural towns of the Kremstal?
Stein, Krems, Senftenberg, Rohrendorf, Gedersdorf, Furth
79
What monumental Benedictine abbey was founded in 1072, in the Kremstal?
Stift Gottweig
80
What is the prescribed flavor profile for Kremstal DAC? For Reserve?
Concentration in accordance with the vintage, no obvious signs of botrytis, well balanced
Reserve: Robust, pronounced character, concentrated and long finish, delicate notes of botrytis and wood permissible
81
Approximately how much vineyard area does the Kamptal DAC cover?
3907ha
82
What are the 6 leading viticultural towns of the Kamptal DAC?
```
Langenlois
Zobing
Gobelsburg
Kammern
Strass
Schonberg
```
83
What are red and white Pinot wines as well as Zweigelt labelled as in the Kamptal DAC?
Neiderosterreich
84
What are the prescribed flavor profiles for Kamptal DAC, normal and reserve?
Concentration in accordance with the vintage, no obvious signs of botrytis, well balanced
Reserve: Robust, pronounced character, concentrated and long finish, delicate notes of botrytis and wood permissible
85
Traismauer and Herzogenburg are important wine towns in what DAC?
Traisental
86
Approximately how many hectares of vineyard area exist in the Traisental DAC? What large percentage of land is planted to what grape?
815ha
| 60% planted to gruner veltliner
87
What are 5 important viticultural towns in the Traisental DAC?
```
Nussdorf
Reichersdorf
Inzersdorf
Traismauer
Herzogenburg
```
88
What was the Wagram known as previous to 2007?
Donauland
89
What are the principal grape varieties of Wagram?
Gruner
Riesling
Roter Veltliner
90
Grossriedenthal is a commune located in what region? What wine is this commune known for?
Wagram - Eiswein
91
What is Austria's largest privately owned wine estate?
Stift Klosterneuburg
92
Approximately how many hectares of vineyard are in the Wagram? How many of these are planted to Gruner?
6700ha of Wagram's 13,858ha are planted to Gruner, representing about half of the country's Gruner plantings
93
How many hectares of land are devoted to Weiner Gemischter Satz DAC?
178ha
94
What are the stipulations for a wine to be labelled Weiner Gemischter Satz DAC?
- at least 3 white grapes, Qualistatwein approved varieties. Must be harvested/pressed together
- must be planted in a Viennese vineyard listed in the cadastre of the Vienna Vineyard Land Register
- no single grape can exceed 50%; and the 3rd largest variety must be at least 10%
- up to 20 varieties can be co-planted
- must be vinified dry , no cooperage detectable, and no more than 12.5% alcohol
95
What 5 'new breed' white grapes are part of the Austrian quality wine range?
```
Muller Thurgau
Muskat-Ottonel
Scheurebe
Jubilaumsrebe
Goldburger
```
96
What 4 'new breed' red grapes are part of the Austrian quality wine range?
Blauburger
Zweigelt
Rathay
Roesler
97
What is a 'PIWI'?
A fungal resistant variety, created for that exact purpose
98
What 5 PIWI grapes are including in the Austrian quality wine range?
```
Blutenmuskateller
Muscaris
Sougignier Gris
Rathay (red)
Roesler (red)
```
99
What 5 white PIWI grapes are permitted for planting for wines without PDO status? What 3 red grapes?
White: Bronner, Cabernet Blanc, Johanniter, Donauveltliner, Donauriesling
Red: Pinot Nova, Cabernet Jura, Regent
100
What is the parentage of Gruner Veltliner?
Traminer x St. Georgen
101
What is Hochkultur and what effect did this have on Austrian viticulture?
High training system created by Lenz Moser - allowed plantings of Gruner Veltliner to spread in the 1950's
102
What is Chasselas de Courtillier?
Madeleine Royale
103
What is Muller Thurgau's parentage?
Riesling x Chasselas de Courtillier
104
When and where was Muller Thurgau created?
1882 at the Geisenheim Research Center in Hessen, Germany. It was bred by Hermann Muller of the Swiss canton Thurgau. It is the oldest successful new breed in the world.
105
Rivaner and Riesling-Sylvaner are synonyms of what grape and why?
Muller Thurgau - reflects the original but incorrect statement of parentage
106
What is riesling's parentage?
A natural crossing of Weisser Heunisch and a Frankisch variety (Traminer seedling)
107
What is Roter Riesling?
An extremely rare mutation of riesling, creating a pink-skinned version of the grape
108
Weisser Burgunder is a synonym for what grape?
Pinot Blanc
109
Morillon is a synonym for what grape? Where is this name commonly used?
Chardonnay
| Steiermark
110
What is the parentage for Chardonnay?
Burgunder x Heunisch
111
When/where in Austria was Sauvignon Blanc introduced? What was it historically called?
Archbishop Johann - introduced it to the Steiermark in the 19th century. It was known as Muscat-Sylvaner
112
What is Neuburger a crossing of and where did it probably originate?
Roter Veltliner x Sylvaner
| Wachau
113
What are 3 synonyms for Muskateller?
```
Roter Muskateller (red)
Gelber Muskateller (yellow)
Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
```
114
What is Fruhroter Veltliner a cross of? What name does it also go by? What is its role in Austrian wine?
Natural crossing of riesling and sylvaner
Also known as Malvasier.
Decreasing in importance - it is marketed mainly as a table grape, as en primeur or as an easy early drinking wine in general
115
What is Samling 88?
Scheurebe
116
When/where and by who was Scheurebe created?
Scheurebe was created in 1916 by Georg Scheu as a seedling (samling) from riesling and Bukettraube
117
Where/when was Muskat Ottonel created? What is it a cross of and who created it? What Austrian region is it most important to?
A new breed of Gutedel x Muscat de Saumur, created by Jean Moreau, a private grower in Angers in 1839. Most important in the Burgenland.
118
What is Bouvier a cross of? What is its role and where is it significant in Austria wine?
A crossing of Gelber Muskateller x Weissburgunder bred around 1900 by Clotar Bouvier. It is mainly grown in Burgenland and most often sold as table grapes, sturm, or a simple young wine
119
Name 2 synonyms for Pinot Gris in Austria.
Grauburgunder
| Rulander
120
Where is Roter Veltliner thought to be from and what is its significance in Austria? Where is it planted?
Probably from the Valtellina.
It is the parent variety of the Veltliner group and a natural crossing partner for Neuberger, Zierfandler, and Rotgipfler
Plantings are limited but it is mainly grown in the Niederosterriech, particularly in Wagram, Kamptal, Kremstal
121
What are 2 synonyms for Zweigelt? When/where and by whom was this variety created? What is the crossing?
1. Blauer Zweigelt and Rotburger
2. Created by Dr. Fritz Zweigelt in 1922 at Klosterneuberg
3. Sankt Laurent x Blaufrankisch
122
What is the parentage of Blaufrankisch?
A natural crossing of the Heunisch variety with Blaue Zimmettraube
123
Name 4 new breeds Blaufrankisch is a parent of.
Zweigelt
Roesler
Rathay
Blauburger
124
Where are plantings of Blaufrankisch mainly concentrated?
Eastern Niederösterreich and in Burgenland
125
What 3 DACs is blaufrankisch a leading variety in?
Leithaberg
Eisenberg
Mittelburgenland
126
What is Blauer Portugieser? Where/when/by whom did it find its way to Austria and where is it mainly grown today?
- Blaue Zimmettraube x Sylvaner
- brought from Oporto to Voslau by Baron von Fries in 1770
- grows mainly in Niederosterreich in the Thermenregion and Weinviertel
127
What is Blauburger - where/when was it created and by whom?
- Blauer Portugieser x Blaufrankisch
- creation of Dr. Fritz Zweigelt at Klosterneuberg in 1923
- Grows mainly in the Niederosterreich.. mainly in the Weinviertel
128
What are the origins of Sankt Laurent? What is the significance of its name?
Probably indigenous to Niederosterreich - it is a natural Burgunder seedling, named after St. Lawrence's Day (Aug 10), the day when the grapes begin to change color
129
Where are plantings of Sankt Laurent concentrated?
It is found mainly in the Thermenregion and northern Burgenland
130
What is Blauer Wildbacher and what is its significance for Austrian wine?
- From Wildbach in the Steiermark - still grown mainly here, in the Schilcherland.
- It is a natural seedling of the Heunisch variety, closely related to blaufrankisch
131
Where is one likely to find Merlot in Austria?
All wine growing regions EXCEPT Steiermark
132
Where is one likely to find Cab Franc in Austria?
Present in some large vineyard areas in Burgenland, otherwise very uncommon
133
What are the origins of Rosenmuskateller?
From Dalmatia - a crossing of Gelber Muskateller and an unknown. This is a newly permitted variety as of 2017.
