Australia in the 1920s

Question 1

Anzac legend

Answer 1

The contested story that Australian nationhood was created through the Gallipoli experience

Question 2

Balfour Declaration

Answer 2

Announced at the Imperial Conference in 1926 which granted the dominions of Britain equal status to Britain and each other

Question 3

White Australia policy

Answer 3

Unofficial name given to Australian policy on immigration from 1901

Question 4

Nationalist Party

Answer 4

Conservative party created in 1917 and in government under Billy Hughes and Stanley Melbourne Bruce

Question 5

Country Party

Answer 5

Rural conservative party formed in 1920 under Earle Page and in coalition government from 1923

Question 6

Soldier Settlement Scheme

Answer 6

A scheme created in 1915 to assist returned servicemen to become landholders, which was a failure in the 1920s, with one third of the 40,000 participants leaving the land by 1927

Question 7

WA Group Settlement Scheme

Answer 7

Initiated by Premier Mitchell aimed at giving land to British migrants in the south west and to reinforce cultural connection with Britain and the White Australia policy. It failed and was ended in 1930 after attracting 6000 British emigrants.

Question 8

Edith Cowan

Answer 8

First Australian woman elected to a parliament, elected as a member of the Nationalist party in the WA parliament

Question 9

Coniston Massacre

Answer 9

Last probable massacre of Aboriginals in Australian in 1928, which led to the deaths of between 100 and 200 in reprisal for the killing of a station owner.

Question 10

Women’s pay

Answer 10

Set at 54% of the basic wage rate for men from 1919 and based on the premise that men were the primary breadwinners

Question 11

Stanley Melbourne Bruce

Answer 11

Prime Minister from 1923 in coalition with Page, best known for his policy of ‘Men, Money and Markets’

Question 12

Billy Hughes

Answer 12

Prime Minister from 1916, who left the Labor Party to form the Nationalist Party after the conscription debate upheaval and ruled until deposed by his party and replaced by Bruce in 1923

Question 13

unionism

Answer 13

A key idea of the era, where trade unions worked to protect and advance the interests of working men and were politically represented by the Labor Party

Question 14

communism

Answer 14

A key radical idea, confined to the margins of Australia, which saw the creation of the Communist Party in 1920 and was perceived as a threat to the Australian and western way of life as existed in the modified capitalist system

Question 15

Red Flag Riots

Answer 15

Most famous example of rioting by former servicemen determined to destroy communism and occurred in Brisbane in 1919

Question 16

Sir John Monash

Answer 16

Australia’s foremost military commander who masterminded the victorious campaigns of 1918 on the Western Front and who was responsible for the highly successful repatriation of Australian soldiers by 1919 and a strong advocate for ex-servicemen through the 1920s.