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Wine > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

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1
Q

Who brought vines to Australia

A

First Fleet of British prisoners in 1788

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2
Q

When did winemaking flourish?

A

Mid-1800s

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3
Q

Who owns Penfolds and Lindemans?

A

Treasury Wine Estates

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4
Q

When did Pendfolds and Lindemans launch?

A

Mid-1800s

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5
Q

What led to domestic demand for Australian wine in later half of 19th century?

A
  • Gold depleted (prospectors left)
  • restrictive state trade barriers
  • economic recession
  • phylloxera
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6
Q

Phylloxera was contained to where?

A

Victoria and portion of NSW

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7
Q

What 2 factors led to rise of South Australia?

A
  1. roost louse decimation of Victoria

2. Commonwealth of Australia

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8
Q

What did the Commonwealth of Australia help South Australia?

A

Created in 1901, brought about relaxation of interstate trade barriers

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9
Q

Where are Australia’s largest wine groups headquartered?

A

South Australia

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10
Q

What state produces 51% of Australia’s grapes?

A

South Australia

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11
Q

From turn of the century to 1970s, what style of wine dominated Australia?

A

sweet, fortified wines

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12
Q

Around 1970, momentum for what wine style was building?

A

dry table wines

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13
Q

What factors brought Australia to the global forefront by the 21st century?

A
  • quality increase at lowest level
  • new technologies
  • changing consumer preferences
  • rising domestic consumption
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14
Q

In the 21st century what varietals did Australia offer at value price points?

A

Chardonnay, Shiraz, Cabernet

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15
Q

T/F 1990s port style wines were eclipsed by premium varietals in 21st Century?

A

True

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16
Q

What are 2 storage technologies did Australia promote?

A
  • bag in box

- stelvin closure

17
Q

? In early 2000s, how did Australian value wines outperform Old World wines

A

Varietal wines were fruity, clean, soft, technically sound; as opposed to poor Old World value bottlings

18
Q

By 2003, what was Australia’s gross annual wines sales?

A

4.5 billion

19
Q

Today, where does Australia rank in by volume exports?

A
  • 5th

- Italy, France, Spain, Chile, Australia

20
Q

What 4 things are at heart of Australian commercial wine making?

A
  1. Techical proficiency
  2. Mechanical harvesting
  3. Irrigation
  4. Blending
21
Q

What 3 Adelaide based organizations have contributed to viticulture/vinification in Australia?

A
  1. Australian Wine Research Institute
  2. Commonwealth Scientific & industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
  3. University of Adelaide
22
Q

What two modern techniques brought Australian winemakers to the forefront of viticultural innovation?

A
  1. Canopy Management

2. Soil Mapping

23
Q

Who are the flying winemakers?

A

Australian winemakers who spread their technical acumen around the world

24
Q

Do Australian mass market wines see cultured yeast, acidification, and micro-oxygenation?

A

yes

25
Q

Is chaptalization allowed in Australia?

A

No (grapes have no trouble ripening in Australia’s climate)

26
Q

Why did mechanical harvesting become the norm in Australian winemaking?

A

lack of a large population and a source of cheap labor

27
Q

In general, Australian winemakers have planted vineyards on flat sites or hillsides?

A

flat sites so they can use mechanical harvesting

28
Q

Why does mechanical harvesting occur at night?

A

preserve freshness and acidity

29
Q

T/F CSIRO developed the counterintuitive technique of minimal (zero) pruning, which actually restricts vigor, for Australia’s low cost vineyards

A

True

30
Q

What is the one aspect viticulture, above others, the is key to Australian wine production?

A

Irrigation

31
Q

Riverland in SA and Riverina in NSW, which together account for nearly 50% of Australia’s wine production were unsuitable for viticulture prior to the use of what?

A

Irrigation

32
Q

Vintners must be careful when irrigating Australia’s what?

A

High saline soils

33
Q

What is Penfolds’ iconic wine?

A

Grange

34
Q

What varietal is Penfolds’ Grange?

A

Shiraz

35
Q

Who debuted Penfolds’ Grange?

A

Max Shubert in 1951. He called it Grange Hermitage

36
Q

What was one of the New World’s first collectible bottles?

A

Penfolds’ Grange

37
Q

Which vineyard is Penfolds’ Grange cultivated from?

A

not a single vineyard. generally blended from many vineyards across several regions

Wine (14 decks)

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