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WSET 3 - Fall 2023 > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

1
Q

Is Australia in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere?

When does its vineyard cycle (budburst) start and when does it end (harvest)?

A

Southern Hemisphere

Vineyard cycle starts in September/October and harvest is in March/April.

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2
Q

What is the climate of Australia ?

A

Warm and hot climates

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3
Q

What are the factors influencing climates in Australia ?

A

Tempered by proximity of the Ocean or the Murray river system

Adelaide hills and Eden Valley are cooled by Altitude

Producers seek sites with cool or moderate climate and plantings

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4
Q

What are the bodies of water surrounding Australia?

A

Indian Ocean to the west;
Southern Ocean to the south;
Tasman Sea separating Australia and New Zealand
A region’s warmth can be tempered if it is proximal to one of these bodies of water.

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5
Q

What are the climatic hazards in Australia ?

A

Low rainfall, managed with irrigation
Bush fire are a very real risk, smoke affect the vines

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6
Q

What is the hierarchy of Australian wine growing areas (GIs)?

A

From largest to smallest:

Zones: large areas which can cover a state or several states with similar climatic conditions (e.g. Limestone Coast zone).

Regions: smaller in size than zones, but wines must demonstrate consistent and recognizable traits that differ from nearby regions (e.g. Margaret River, Clare Valley).

Subregions: smallest in size, these areas must have distinct traits and be within one region (e.g. Polish Hill River subregion within Clare Valley).

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7
Q

What is the most planted red grape of Australia?

And the most planted white grape?

A

Shiraz (most planted of either color)
Chardonnay

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8
Q

What are the black grapes grown in Australia ?

A

Shiraz
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Pinot Noir
Grenache

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9
Q

What are the white grapes grown in Australia ?

A

Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Riesling

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10
Q

Select which style of Shiraz matches with a hotter region and which style matches with a cooler region:

full bodied and intensely fruity
lean, peppery
Give an example of a hot region and a cool region.

A

Hot region: full bodied and intensely fruity, earthy, spicy, leather
Hunter Valley, Barossa Valley

Cool region: lean, peppery
Geelong, Heathcote

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11
Q

With which grape is Shiraz blended in Australia ?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, performing a similar role to Merlot in Bordeaux

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12
Q

What are some broadstroke differences between Australian Cabernet Sauvignon and Australian Shiraz?

A

Aussie Cabernet is often darker in color with firmer tannin, higher acidity, and blacker fruit characteristics (black currant, black plum, black cherry), with oaky toasty notes.

Aussie Shiraz tends to have softer tannin, redder fruits, and peppery notes.

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13
Q

Name 2 classic regions in Australia known for Cabernet Sauvignon.

A

Margaret River and Coonawarra

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14
Q

The best examples of Australian Pinot Noir come from:

warm to hot sites
cool to moderate sites
northern region
Give an example of an Australian region known for its Pinot Noirs.

A

Cool to moderate sites

Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Tasmania

Medium body, meidum alcohol, flavours of cherry and strawberry

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15
Q

What do some Australians call the Mourvèdre grape?

A

Mataro

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16
Q

What sun-loving, late-ripening red grape is well suited for Australia’s warmth?

A

Grenache

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17
Q

Describe the differences between everyday Australian Chardonnay and high-quality Australian Chardonnay (where they come from and what style to expect from each).

A

Everyday
blended from various regions
Peachy flavours
can be unoaked or oaked (using chips/staves)
High Quality

from cool to moderate regions
well balanced and integrated thanks to thoughtful use of lees aging, malolactic fermentation, and/or barrel maturation

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18
Q

Give four examples of Australian regions known for their high-quality Chardonnays.

A

Adelaide Hills
Mornington Peninsula
Yarra Valley
Margaret River

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19
Q

Which Australian wine region is known to produce benchmark Sauvignon Blanc?

Describe the characteristics

A

Adelaide Hills

passion fruit, high acidity

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20
Q

What is the classic Australian region for Semillon?

A

Hunter Valley

s

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21
Q

What is the profile of a classic, young Hunter Valley Semillon?

A

Harvested early
Light body
Low sugar levels
High acid
Low alcohol
Minimum oxygen contact, ininert vessels
Neutral flavors
Can evovle into toast, nut and honey with bottle age
Best examples Can age for 20 years

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22
Q

What is the profile of Semillon from other regions in Australia ?

A

Western Australia: More herbaceous style, could be mistaken with Sauvignon

Barossa Valley : Fuller bodied style, however early picked unoaked version is increasing

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23
Q

What is the profile of a classic, young Australian Riesling?

A

Very citrusy (lime, lemon, grapefruit)
Develop into toast honey and petrol
Unoaked
High acid
Dry to barely off-dry

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24
Q

Classic (and exceptional!) Rieslings are known to be grown in these two South Australian GIs.

A

Clare Valley and Eden Valley

Tasmania and Great Southern region have also a reputation for more floral Rieslings

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25
The South Eastern Australia super-zone covers what areas?
This vast super-zone covers the whole South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland.
26
Wines labeled South East Australia are known to be:
High volume brands made from blended fruit producing inexpensive wine
27
Which heavily irrigated, Australian GIs are major sources of grapes for big brands?
Riverina in New South Wales Riverland in South Australia Murray-Darling in Victoria Can produce high yields of healthy grapes bu lack the flavour concentration of High-quality areas . Blending from other regions may enhance these wines. The choice of blending depend of style, and grape variety
28
Besides bulk wine, Riverina is well known for making a special wine. What is it ?
Sweet botrytised wine made from Sémillon ?
29
What 6 regions in South Australia do you need to know?
Barossa Valley Eden Valley Clare Valley Adelaide Hills McLaren Vale Coonawarra
30
South Australia produces approximately how much of Australia’s total annual production?:
The majority
31
The heart of fine wine production in South Australia is ________ Valley.
Barossa Valley
32
What is the climate of Barossa Valley?
Warm and dry
33
What are the red grapes that come from Barossa Valley?
Shiraz (old bush vines) Cabernet Sauvignon Grenache
34
What is the profile of a classic Barossa Valley Shiraz?
Full body Soft tannins Ripe black fruit American oak As they age, Barossa Valley Shiraz develop notes of spice and leather.
35
If a wine comes from the Barossa Zone, what appellation does it take? What are the 2 regions in Barossa Zone?
Barossa Barossa Valley Eden Valley
36
What white grape is grownin Barossa Valley
unoaked semillon
37
What is the difference between a wine labeled ‘Barossa’ and ‘Barossa Valley’?
If a wine is labeled with its GI as ‘Barossa’, it means the grapescan come from both Barossa Valley and Eden Valley. If a wine is labeled with its GI as ‘Barossa Valley’, it means the grapes came just from Barossa Valley.
38
Eden Valley is to the ________ of Barossa Valley, and Clare Valley is to the ________ of Barossa Valley. Which of these (Clare and Eden) has a cool to moderate climate, and which has a warm climate?
Eden Valley is east of Barossa Valley - has cool to moderate climate Clare Valley is northwest of Barossa Valley - has warm climate
39
Eden Valley is best known for which grape? What other grapes are grown successfully there?
Riesling - citrusy, steely, best have marmalade and toasty characters Other grapes: Chardonnay, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon
40
What is the climate of Clare Valley?
warm climate is tempered by cool afternoon breezes and cold night Vineyard sare planted at altitude (300-400m) some even as high as 570m.
41
What does the climate of Clare Valley inelcuence the wines grown there?
Wines become intensely aromatic and structured thanks to the diurnal shift, with the Rieslings being dry, citrusy with high acidity. Can develop honey and toast characters Other grape : Shiraz is fragrant, powerful and structured Cabernet sauvignon is also grown
42
What is the climate of Adelaide Hills? What factors influences climate ?
Moderate climate Rains in winter Planted in altitude irrigation is often necessary in summer
43
What grapes are most often found growing in Adelaide Hills GI?
Sauvignon Blanc (best known) Chardonnay Pinot Noir Adelaide Hills makes some sparkling wine blending Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.
44
All vineyards in Adelaide Hills are planted above ______m in altitude.
400m
45
Where is McLaren Vale in relation to Adelaide? What is the climate like in McLaren Vale?
South of Adelaide, on the coast Warm (ocean breezes help cool it down)
46
What style of wine dominates McLaren Vale?
Dry, concentrated, intense red wines with soft tannins + dark fruits. Based on Shiraz, Grenache, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon.
47
What is the climate of Coonawarra?
Narrow strip of land of 1.5km by 15km Climate is moderate cloud cover from oean and cold curent moderates temperature
48
What makes the soil in Coonawarra so distinctive? What grape grows well here and what special characteristic does it have?
The soils in Coonawarra are terra rossa (red clay) over limestone. Coonawarra is known for its firmly structured, **Cabernet Sauvignons** that are scented with eucalyptus, menthol, and cassis. Shiraz, Merlot and Chardonnay are also planted
49
In which zone is Coonawarra
Limestone Coast
50
What is the coolest state on Australia’s mainland?
Victoria
51
Why does Victoria have some of the coolest vineyards on the mainland?
Ocean breezes (coming up from Antarctica)
52
Wine regions around Melbourne, particularly Yarra Valley, get cool enough to grow these grapes to make this style of wine.
Chardonnay + Pinot Noir Sparkling wine
53
What 5 regions in Victoria do you need to know?
Yarra Valley Mornington Peninsula Geelong Heathcote Goulburn Valley
54
What is the mountain on wich altitude vineayrda are planted in Victoria ?
The great dividing Rnage
55
What are the grapes grown in the lower slopes of Victoria?
Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon Fresher and lighter in style than from hotter regions
56
Where is Yarra Valley in relation to Melbourne?
East
57
What is the overall climate of Yarra Valley?
Cool to moderate maritime
58
What is the specialty grape of Yarra Valley?
Pinot Noir
59
While Yarra Valley has a sweeping cool to moderate maritime climate, it has a range of elevations and aspects. What does this mean for the style of Yarra Valley wines?
There will be a range of styles that come out of this diverse geography. Due to the varying elevations and aspects, many different grapes can grow here – though none will ever be as full-throttle as those from Barossa Valley.
60
What is the style of wines of Yara valley ?
Pinot noir is the speciality high-quality table wines Excellent sparkling wines
61
Which grapes are grown in Yarra Valley?
Pinot Noir (more importantly), Chardonnay, shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
62
Describe the Yarra Valley Pinot noir profile
Rich in fruit, strawberries, plums, dark cherries Tannins areRipe, soft, careful oak handling adds complexity
63
Where is Mornington Peninsula in relation to Melbourne?
South (it’s a coastal region)
64
What is the climate of Mornington Peninsula? What are the climate hazards ?
Cool to moderate maritime wet and windy weather can distrub flowering and harvest, and the vintages can vary
65
Mornington Peninsula is known for these two grapes.
Pinot Noir - light and deciate / more structures bu always pure fruit characteristics Chardonnay- vitrus pear appel aromas, high acidity softened by malolactif conversion
66
Geelong: where is it what is its climate major grapes planted
West of Melbourne Cool/moderate maritime Pinot Noir: earthy aromas Shiraz : fresh and peppery **Chardonnay: complex, concentrated, full bodied (known for its Chardonnay)**
67
Heathcote: where is it how does it get cool what is its climate major grapes planted
Inland, center of Victoria Cooled by altitude Moderate climate Shiraz : firm structure, fresher fruit Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay (Sangiovese and tempranillo have shown promise)
68
Goulburn Valley: where is it warmer or cooler than Heathcote how is it cooled major grapes planted
East of Heathcote Warmer than Heathcote Cooled by lakes and creeks **Shiraz, Marsanne** Marsanne is a specialty of Goulburn Valley (citrus fruit, developing honey with bottle age)
69
New South Wales’ most important GI is ______. What grape is this GI known for?
Hunter Valley GI Semillon
70
Where is located new south wales?
inland from Sydney on wester slopes of the great divinding Range vineyards on planted in altitude
71
What is the climate of hunter valley ? What factors are influencing climate?
Hot and humid High cloud cover , ocean breezes Rain at harvest ( meaning good canopy management)
72
What is Hunter Valley’s weather threat?
Rain at harvest
73
What are the GIs in New South Wales that have slightly cooler conditions to Hunter Valley? What makes them slightly cooler?
Mudgee Orange Cowra Higher-altitude vineyards – though because the regions are still quite warm, the wines they produce are concentrated + structured (mostly Chard + Cab Sauv).
74
Besides Semillon, what two other grapes have major plantings in Hunter Valley?
Chardonnay : oaked and unoaked styles Shiraz: blackfruit flavours , soft tannins, medium body, earthy underton
75
What is the only wines not part of the Wouth Eastern Australia super-zone?
Western Australia
76
What coastal winemaking region is roughly 200km south of Perth and has a warm Mediterranean climate?
Margaret River
77
What is the climate of Margaret River ?
Warm Meditarrean climate Rainfall is High, but mainly i winters
78
What are the white grapes in Margaret River GI?
Chardonnay : Concentrated stone fruit and tropical fruit, high acidiy, range of styl with barrell and MLC Semillon Sauvignon Blanc L often blended with semillon for gooseberry and tropical fruit aromas They can be bottled as monovarietals or blended together.
79
What red grape is Margaret River best known for?
Cabernet Sauvignon : elegant and restraint or fruit and powerful bottled varietally or blended with Merlot
80
What are the nested regions of the Great Southern region?
Frankland River Mount Barker Known for Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, and Riesling
81
What is the climate of Tasmania? What helps keep it cool?
Cool maritime climate Winds off the Southern Ocean
82
What are the principal grapes grown on Tasmania?
**Whites** Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Gris **Reds** Pinot Noir Cabernet Sauvignon Known for sparkling wine, but make excellent still wines
83
Between Tasmania’s cool climate and its plantings of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, what style of wine is it well poised to make?
Sparkling wine Tasmanian producers use méthode traditionelle. The sparkling wines from Tasmania represent some of the best examples in the country.
84
What are the climate of each region?
Cool -moderate - Eden valley (altitude - Clare Valley (altitude) - Adelaide hills (altitude) - Coonawarra (moderate) - Yarra Valley - Mornington Peninsula - Geelong - Heathcote - Tasmania Warm - Barossa Valley - McLaren Vale - Goulbern valley - Hunter Valley - Margaret River

WSET 3 - Fall 2023 (42 decks)

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