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Diploma self study > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

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WSET® Level 4 Wine flashcards
1
Q

Name the key wine producing STATES of Australia

A

New South Wales

South Australia

Tasmania

Victoria

Western Australia

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2
Q

Who is James Busby?

A

A Scotsman who brought his collection of EU vines to Australia in the 1830s

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3
Q

Why did Phylloxera not take hold in Australia as extremely as elsewhere?

A

Many original plantings came pre-outbreak following that strict quarantine, particularly in South Australia.
Resulted in Aus having some of the oldest plantings on own roots (Shiraz, Cabernet, Grenache)

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4
Q

Name four important Aus companies that came to prominence in 1950’s

A

Jacobs Creek (Orlando)

Hardys

Penfolds

Lindemans

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5
Q

Name two labelling trends of the 80’s which made wines more accessible to consumers

A

Labelling the bottle with varietals

Providing taste descriptors

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6
Q

Which latitude do most Aus vineyards sit, and what is the N. Hemisphere equivalent area?

A

30° - 37°S
North Africa/Southern Europe

TASMANIA : outlier at 41° - 42° (Porto, central Italy)

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7
Q

What is the climate in the Murray-Darling basin?

A

Hot, Continental
(inland)

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8
Q

What is the climate in Coonawarra, South Australia?
(despite being 60 miles from coast)

A

Maritime

Aus is flat-ish, with little to stop cooling influence of sea)

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9
Q

Name the most notable mountain range and the areas it has an effect on?

A

Great Dividing Range

Riverland: gets low rainfall as in Rain shadow

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10
Q

What is the Hunter Valley Climate?

A

Hot, Humid - East of Great Div. Range so still has wetness of ocean effect

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11
Q

What soil types are found in Australia?

A

Huge diversity - due to extreme age of continent, and the enormous range Vineyard spaces cover

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12
Q

What is the production of Australia?

A

Averages at 12.6 million hL

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13
Q

Name a key vineyard management threat in Australia?

A

Drought

Vast majority of vineyards rly on irrigation, even in wetter areas due to free-draining soil

Soil salinity can also rise due to lack of washing away by rainfall

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14
Q

Why are new plantings often put on selected rootstock?

A

Mitigate against future Phylloxera risk

Combat acidity, salinity

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15
Q

What are the main natural pest in Australia and how are they combatted?

A

Birds and Kangaroos

Netting, though expensive and not a sustainable practice

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16
Q

Why is sustainibility so important?

(25% of Aus. Vineyards land and production owned by Sustainable Winegrowing Australia members)

A
  1. Lots of dry, hot areas = no rot of mildew
  2. Lots of natural/climate issues (drought, fires) bringing to forefront
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17
Q

Name the notable high humidity areas, where open canopy management is essential?

A

Adelaide Hills

southern Victoria

Hunter Valley

parts of Tasmania

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18
Q

Name the top 5 grape varieties:

(by harvested grape weight in 2019)

A

Shiraz

Chardonnay

Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot

Sauvignon Blanc

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19
Q

Name some mediterranian varieties which have done well in Australia’s warm and dry regions?

A

Tempranillo

Sangiovese

Fiano

Assyrtiko

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20
Q

Shiraz:
Name two hot climate regions and the usual wine character

A

Barossa Valley

McLaren Vale
(both South Australia)

Full-bodied, high alc, high soft tannin, pronounced dark fruit, earthy, spicy noted

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21
Q

Shiraz:
Name two cooler climate regions and the usual wine character

A

Mid-full bodied, med alc, mid-intensity fruity red and black cherry and distinct black pepper

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22
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon:
Name two famous regions and their style:

A

Coonawarra:
Minty/Eucalypt

Margaret River:
Often blended w/Merlot, riper with more subtle herbal notes

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23
Q

Pinot Noir:
Name three cool, moderate regions and the style

A

Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula and Tasmania

Med-bodied, Med-high acid, red fruit (cherry, strawberry)

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24
Q

Grenache:
Name three areas where old bush vines are producing quality fruit.

A

McLaren Vale, Barossa, Eden Valley

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25
Q

Grenache:
Compare and contrast old-style vs more modern styles

A

Older: normally for Rhone blend
Now: being recognised as single varietal

Older style: low acid, high alc
Jammy fruit in new oak

Now: higher acid, lower alc, fresher red fruit, whole bunch, stem inc. for flavour and structure. Old oak or big barrels

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26
Q

Sauvignon Blanc:
Name an important region and it’s style

A

Adelaide Hills,
Intense range of fruit,
Lees and barrel for complexity

Margaret river: blended with Semillon for Bordeaux style

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27
Q

Pinot Grigio
Victoria, particularly Mornington and Tasmania produce which style?

A

Alsace style, picked riper for fruitier, spicier syle - rarely reaching the body in Alsace though

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28
Q

Semillon:
Which two regions produce single varietal bottlings and what is the style?

A

Hunter valley:
Age-worthy, low alc high acid unoaked, aromaticallty complex with age

Barossa Valley:
Fuller Bodied, higher alc plus oak maturation.

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29
Q

Semillon:
What style is sometimes made in Riverina, NSW?

A

Botrytised and complex

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30
Q

Riesling:
Name the two famous regions and the three more up and coming?

A

Clare Valley

Eden Valley

Great southern,

Canberra,

Tasmania

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31
Q

Muscat Gordo Blanco:
Which inland regions is this mostly found in?

A

Riverina

Murray Darling

Riverland

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32
Q

Australia’s Geographical Indications (1990’s) splits into which three categories?

A

Zones, Regions, Sub-Regions

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33
Q

How many GI regions are there?

A

63.

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34
Q

What does use of a Zone on the label indicate?

A

A blend of multiregional grapes

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35
Q

Label integrity programme
LIP
If GI, Vintage or grape is mentioned, what percentage of grapes must conform?

A

85%

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36
Q

How do LIP rules restrict winemaking?

A

Not at all, beyond the 85% conformity

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37
Q

What is the percentage of producers crushing 250 tonnes or less in 2018?

A

80% - small producers are the norm

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38
Q

What is the number of producers crushing over 20,000 tonnes in 2018?

A

12

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39
Q

Name the five volume producers accounting for 87% of all export:

A

Accolade wines,
Casella Family Brands
Treasury Wine Estates
Pernot Ricard
Australian Vintage

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40
Q

What are the Key regions of the South West Australia Zone?

A

Margaret River

Great Southern

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41
Q

What is the climate range in the Great Southern Region?

A

From Maritime (Albany and Denmark)
to continental (frankland river) where altitude has an effect.
Rainfall is good, leading to less irrigation

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42
Q

What grapes are most grown in the Great Southern Region?

A

Shiraz (30%)
Riesling
Sauvignon
Cabernet
Chardonnay

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43
Q

What influences the climate of Margaret River?

A

A warm ocean on 3 sides, leading to a lower diurnal range

Rainfall high in winter but dry in growing season

Relatively flat

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44
Q

What soil types are in Margaret river?

A

Free-draining, gravelly soils needing irrigation (stored from winter rainfall)

Low fertility, moderating vigour

45
Q

What’s the dominant red grape and style in Margaret River?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon,
Ripe Bordeaux-style blends
Med/+ - full body, Med/+ acid, high ripe tannin and blackberry, blackcurrant and spice
Good to outstanding quality and price

46
Q

What is the dominant premium white grape and style in Margaret River?

A

Chardonnay
high acid, med to ful body, concentrated stone fruit.
No Malo except when very cool to preserve acid
Oak and lees can be used

47
Q

What white varieties are often blended in Margaret river, and the style?

A

Sauvignon/Semillon
High acid, herbaceous, fruit from gooseberry to tropical,
Steel for purity, wood for complexity

48
Q

Name two Key Margaret River producers:

A

Moss Wood
Leeuwin

49
Q

Name two key Great Southern producers:

A

Larry Cherubino
Howard Park

50
Q

The Hunter Valley Zone contains which single region?

A

Hunter Valley - Australia’s oldest

51
Q

What is the climate of the Hunter Valley?

A

EAST of Great div. Range
Tropical - hot and humid
Lower Hunter: sea breeze
Majority of rain in growing season

52
Q

What is the topography and climate of Hunter Valley?

A

Undulating hills all over, low altitude
Sandy loams to clay loams

53
Q

Name a key risk and benefit of most rainfall in the Hunter Valley being in growing season?

A

High humidity, fungal diseases
No need for irrigation

54
Q

Which grape and style is Hunter Valley famous for?

A

Semillon

Dry, neutral when young, light bodied, high acid, low alc. Develops complex aromatics with age - unoaked and mod. temp ferment.

55
Q

Name two key producers in Hunter Valley:

A

Tyrrells,
Mount Pleasant

56
Q

Two grapes (not Semillon) produced in Hunter Valley

A

Chardonnay
Shiraz

57
Q

What is the climate of the Orange Region, in the Central Ranges Zone?

A

Continental and Dry as protected by Great Dividing range.
Windy, which is anti frost but can affect fruit set

58
Q

What are the soils in Orange Region?

A

Volcanic, on volcano slopes
Red volcanic basalt, loam and shallow gravel.

59
Q

What grapes are grown in Orange region?

A

Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

60
Q

Name two regions in the Southern New South Wales Zone?

A

Tasmania

Canberra District

Hilltops

Tumbarumba

61
Q

What is the Climate of Canberra District Region?

A

Continental, with 500m altitude = high diurnal range

62
Q

What red grape is most planted in Canberra District region and style?

A

Shiraz
Ripe black cherry, high ripe tannin and high acid
Good - outstanding

63
Q

What is the most well known style of wine from Tasmania?

A

Sparkling Wine

64
Q

What is the general climate in Tasmania?

A

Cool, maritime with high rainfall

65
Q

What viticultural challenges might Tasmania face?

A

humidity, fungal diseases
low temperatures

66
Q

What are the key Tasmanian grape varieties?

A

Pinot Noir
Chardonnay

For both sparkling and still wines

67
Q

What is the style of Tasmanian Pinot Noir?

A

light-med body, med + to high acid, med alcohol, strawberry and cherry aromas
Warmer sites offer riper styles

68
Q

What is the style of Tasmanian Chardonnay?

A

Med body, med alc, apple, white peach, pear. Malo common, to convert high acid
Nearly all top wine barrel fermeny

69
Q

Name two key Tasmanian producers:

A

Tolpuddle
Tamar Ridge

70
Q

What grape is Mataro more commonly known as?

A

Mourvèdre

71
Q

Name two common divided canopy training styles used for new plantings?

A

Smart-Dyson
Scott Henry

72
Q

What state is the Port Phillip Zone?

A

Victoria

73
Q

What Zone is the Yarra Valley in?

A

Port Phillip Zone

74
Q

What Zone is Mornington Peninsula in?

A

Port Phillip Zone

75
Q

What zone are Geelong and Macedon Ranges in?

A

Port Phillip Zone

76
Q

What Zone can you find:
Grampians and Pyrenees
Henty

A

Western Victoria Zone

77
Q

Which zone would you find:
King Valley
Beechworth

A

North East Victoria Zone

78
Q

What Zone is the region of Coonawarra in?

A

Limestone Coast Zone

79
Q

Which Region is the best known of Fleurieu Zone, South Australia?

A

McLaren Vale

80
Q

What are the two key regions in Barossa Zone?

A

Barossa valley

Eden valley

81
Q

What are the two key regions of the Mountain Lofty Ranges Zone?

A

Adelaide Hills

Clare Valley

82
Q

What are the three main wine-producing regions of South Eastern Australia Zone?

A

Riverland
Riverina
Murray-Darling

Producing volume

83
Q

What is the general Climate of South Eastern Australia Zone?

A

Hot and Continental, with some cooling from Murray and Darling rivers

84
Q

Name two reasons for irrigation being essential in South Eastern Australia Zone?

A

Sandy (free-draining) soils

Rain shadow of Great dividing Range, very low rainfal

85
Q

What are the main grapes and styles in South Eastern Australia?

A

Shiraz and Chardonnay

Med body, high alc, low acid, ripe fruit

86
Q

What are the best known South Australia Zones?

A

Barossa Zone

Mount Lofty Ranges

Fleurieu

Limestone Coast

87
Q

What is the flagship variety of Barossa Valley Region?

A

Shiraz

88
Q

What is the climate of the Barossa Valley?

A

Warm, hot sunny days and cooler nights, low rainfall in growing season

89
Q

Describe the styles in Barossa Valley:

  1. On the Plains;
  2. On the valley sides?
A
  1. Fuller, riper
  2. Fresher (cooler)

Some producers blend them

90
Q

What soil types are in Barossa Valley?

A

Complex variety - notable ironstone layer in the north prized for water retention

91
Q

When were vines first planted in the Barossa Valley?

A

1840’s

92
Q

What is the Barossa Old Vine Charter?

A

A 2009 project established to record, preserve and promote the old vines of Barossa.

93
Q

What is the typical style of Barossa Shiraz?

A

Full-bodied, high alc, high soft tannins, pronounced ripe (and cooked, baked) black fruit. Sometimes US oak.
Spicy, leathery with age, long lasting.

94
Q

What other grapes are important in Barossa?

A

Cabernet, on cooler sites, ripe and rich.

Old vine Grenache, used for Rhone blends but also as single varietal

95
Q

What is a feature of most soil types in the Eden Valley?

A

Water-retaining capacity

96
Q

Which has higher rainfall, Eden Valley or Barossa?

A

Eden Valley

97
Q

Why can the Eden Valley support more dry farming than Barossa?

A

Water-retaining soils, higher rainfall

98
Q

What is the general style of Eden Valley Riesling?

A

Dry, high acidity, med alc.
Mostly steel ferment for purity
Citrus and floral
Age gives honey and toast, good-outstanding

99
Q

What is the style of Eden Valley Shiraz (vs Barossa)

A

Higher acid, more structured tannins, lower alc.
Sits between ripeness of Barossa and the peppery style of cooler climates.
Ripe, fresh plum and blackberry, sweet spice

100
Q

Name two significant Eden Valley producers.

A

Henshke, Pewsey Vale

101
Q

Name the two significant regions in Mount Lofty Ranges Zone?

A

Clare Valley

Adelaide Hills

102
Q

What topography influences the Adelaide Hills?

A

Valleys and steep hillsides, restricting mechanisation in many vineyards

103
Q

What is the climate of Adelaide Hills?

A

Cool to Moderate, temperature varying due to altitude and sea proximity
Maritime

104
Q

Why is site selection important in Adelaide Hills?

A

Lower areas have capacity for full bodied reds,

Higher cooler areas have diurnal range and good for even Pinot Noir

All have ripeness because of sun

105
Q

What are the sub regions of Adelaide Hills?

A

Piccadillay Valley and Lenswood

106
Q

What problems can the higher (and sometimes late spring) rainfall cause in Adelaide Hills?

A

Rot and fungal diseases as humidity is higher

Late rain can disrupt fruit set

107
Q

Which white grape and style is signature for Adelaide Hills?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Ripe fruit, high acid, med alc
Good qual, mid price

108
Q

What is the white

A

Diploma self study (2 decks)

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