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Australia Flashcards

1
Q

Name the key wine producing STATES of Australia

A

New South Wales

South Australia

Tasmania

Victoria

Western Australia

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2
Q

Who is James Busby?

A

A Scotsman who brought his collection of EU vines to Australia in the 1830s

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3
Q

Why did Phylloxera not take hold in Australia as extremely as elsewhere?

A

Many original plantings came pre-outbreak following that strict quarantine, particularly in South Australia.
Resulted in Aus having some of the oldest plantings on own roots (Shiraz, Cabernet, Grenache)

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4
Q

Name four important Aus companies that came to prominence in 1950’s

A

Jacobs Creek (Orlando)

Hardys

Penfolds

Lindemans

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5
Q

Name two labelling trends of the 80’s which made wines more accessible to consumers

A

Labelling the bottle with varietals

Providing taste descriptors

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6
Q

Which latitude do most Aus vineyards sit, and what is the N. Hemisphere equivalent area?

A

30° - 37°S
North Africa/Southern Europe

TASMANIA : outlier at 41° - 42° (Porto, central Italy)

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7
Q

What is the climate in the Murray-Darling basin?

A

Hot, Continental
(inland)

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8
Q

What is the climate in Coonawarra, South Australia?
(despite being 60 miles from coast)

A

Maritime

Aus is flat-ish, with little to stop cooling influence of sea)

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9
Q

Name the most notable mountain range and the areas it has an effect on?

A

Great Dividing Range

Riverland: gets low rainfall as in Rain shadow

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10
Q

What is the Hunter Valley Climate?

A

Hot, Humid - East of Great Div. Range so still has wetness of ocean effect

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11
Q

What soil types are found in Australia?

A

Huge diversity - due to extreme age of continent, and the enormous range Vineyard spaces cover

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12
Q

What is the production of Australia?

A

Averages at 12.6 million hL

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13
Q

Name a key vineyard management threat in Australia?

A

Drought

Vast majority of vineyards rly on irrigation, even in wetter areas due to free-draining soil

Soil salinity can also rise due to lack of washing away by rainfall

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14
Q

Why are new plantings often put on selected rootstock?

A

Mitigate against future Phylloxera risk

Combat acidity, salinity

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15
Q

What are the main natural pest in Australia and how are they combatted?

A

Birds and Kangaroos

Netting, though expensive and not a sustainable practice

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16
Q

Why is sustainibility so important?

(25% of Aus. Vineyards land and production owned by Sustainable Winegrowing Australia members)

A
  1. Lots of dry, hot areas = no rot of mildew
  2. Lots of natural/climate issues (drought, fires) bringing to forefront
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17
Q

Name the notable high humidity areas, where open canopy management is essential?

A

Adelaide Hills

southern Victoria

Hunter Valley

parts of Tasmania

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18
Q

Name the top 5 grape varieties:

(by harvested grape weight in 2019)

A

Shiraz

Chardonnay

Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot

Sauvignon Blanc

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19
Q

Name some mediterranian varieties which have done well in Australia’s warm and dry regions?

A

Tempranillo

Sangiovese

Fiano

Assyrtiko

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20
Q

Shiraz:
Name two hot climate regions and the usual wine character

A

Barossa Valley

McLaren Vale
(both South Australia)

Full-bodied, high alc, high soft tannin, pronounced dark fruit, earthy, spicy noted

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21
Q

Shiraz:
Name two cooler climate regions and the usual wine character

A

Mid-full bodied, med alc, mid-intensity fruity red and black cherry and distinct black pepper

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22
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon:
Name two famous regions and their style:

A

Coonawarra:
Minty/Eucalypt

Margaret River:
Often blended w/Merlot, riper with more subtle herbal notes

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23
Q

Pinot Noir:
Name three cool, moderate regions and the style

A

Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula and Tasmania

Med-bodied, Med-high acid, red fruit (cherry, strawberry)

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24
Q

Grenache:
Name three areas where old bush vines are producing quality fruit.

A

McLaren Vale, Barossa, Eden Valley

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25
Grenache: Compare and contrast old-style vs more modern styles
Older: normally for Rhone blend Now: being recognised as single varietal Older style: low acid, high alc Jammy fruit in new oak Now: higher acid, lower alc, fresher red fruit, whole bunch, stem inc. for flavour and structure. Old oak or big barrels
26
Sauvignon Blanc: Name an important region and it's style
Adelaide Hills, Intense range of fruit, Lees and barrel for complexity Margaret river: blended with Semillon for Bordeaux style
27
Pinot Grigio Victoria, particularly Mornington and Tasmania produce which style?
Alsace style, picked riper for fruitier, spicier syle - rarely reaching the body in Alsace though
28
Semillon: Which two regions produce single varietal bottlings and what is the style?
Hunter valley: Age-worthy, low alc high acid unoaked, aromaticallty complex with age Barossa Valley: Fuller Bodied, higher alc plus oak maturation.
29
Semillon: What style is sometimes made in Riverina, NSW?
Botrytised and complex
30
Riesling: Name the two famous regions and the three more up and coming?
Clare Valley Eden Valley Great southern, Canberra, Tasmania
31
Muscat Gordo Blanco: Which inland regions is this mostly found in?
Riverina Murray Darling Riverland
32
Australia's Geographical Indications (1990's) splits into which three categories?
Zones, Regions, Sub-Regions
33
How many GI regions are there?
63.
34
What does use of a Zone on the label indicate?
A blend of multiregional grapes
35
Label integrity programme LIP If GI, Vintage or grape is mentioned, what percentage of grapes must conform?
85%
36
How do LIP rules restrict winemaking?
Not at all, beyond the 85% conformity
37
What is the percentage of producers crushing 250 tonnes or less in 2018?
80% - small producers are the norm
38
What is the number of producers crushing over 20,000 tonnes in 2018?
12
39
Name the five volume producers accounting for 87% of all export:
Accolade wines, Casella Family Brands Treasury Wine Estates Pernot Ricard Australian Vintage
40
What are the Key regions of the South West Australia Zone?
Margaret River Great Southern
41
What is the climate range in the Great Southern Region?
From Maritime (Albany and Denmark) to continental (frankland river) where altitude has an effect. Rainfall is good, leading to less irrigation
42
What grapes are most grown in the Great Southern Region?
Shiraz (30%) Riesling Sauvignon Cabernet Chardonnay
43
What influences the climate of Margaret River?
A warm ocean on 3 sides, leading to a lower diurnal range Rainfall high in winter but dry in growing season Relatively flat
44
What soil types are in Margaret river?
Free-draining, gravelly soils needing irrigation (stored from winter rainfall) Low fertility, moderating vigour
45
What's the dominant red grape and style in Margaret River?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Ripe Bordeaux-style blends Med/+ - full body, Med/+ acid, high ripe tannin and blackberry, blackcurrant and spice Good to outstanding quality and price
46
What is the dominant premium white grape and style in Margaret River?
Chardonnay high acid, med to ful body, concentrated stone fruit. No Malo except when very cool to preserve acid Oak and lees can be used
47
What white varieties are often blended in Margaret river, and the style?
Sauvignon/Semillon High acid, herbaceous, fruit from gooseberry to tropical, Steel for purity, wood for complexity
48
Name two Key Margaret River producers:
Moss Wood Leeuwin
49
Name two key Great Southern producers:
Larry Cherubino Howard Park
50
The Hunter Valley Zone contains which single region?
Hunter Valley - Australia's oldest
51
What is the climate of the Hunter Valley?
EAST of Great div. Range Tropical - hot and humid Lower Hunter: sea breeze Majority of rain in growing season
52
What is the topography and climate of Hunter Valley?
Undulating hills all over, low altitude Sandy loams to clay loams
53
Name a key risk and benefit of most rainfall in the Hunter Valley being in growing season?
High humidity, fungal diseases No need for irrigation
54
Which grape and style is Hunter Valley famous for?
Semillon Dry, neutral when young, light bodied, high acid, low alc. Develops complex aromatics with age - unoaked and mod. temp ferment.
55
Name two key producers in Hunter Valley:
Tyrrells, Mount Pleasant
56
Two grapes (not Semillon) produced in Hunter Valley
Chardonnay Shiraz
57
What is the climate of the Orange Region, in the Central Ranges Zone?
Continental and Dry as protected by Great Dividing range. Windy, which is anti frost but can affect fruit set
58
What are the soils in Orange Region?
Volcanic, on volcano slopes Red volcanic basalt, loam and shallow gravel.
59
What grapes are grown in Orange region?
Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
60
Name two regions in the Southern New South Wales Zone?
Tasmania Canberra District Hilltops Tumbarumba
61
What is the Climate of Canberra District Region?
Continental, with 500m altitude = high diurnal range
62
What red grape is most planted in Canberra District region and style?
Shiraz Ripe black cherry, high ripe tannin and high acid Good - outstanding
63
What is the most well known style of wine from Tasmania?
Sparkling Wine
64
What is the general climate in Tasmania?
Cool, maritime with high rainfall
65
What viticultural challenges might Tasmania face?
humidity, fungal diseases low temperatures
66
What are the key Tasmanian grape varieties?
Pinot Noir Chardonnay For both sparkling and still wines
67
What is the style of Tasmanian Pinot Noir?
light-med body, med + to high acid, med alcohol, strawberry and cherry aromas Warmer sites offer riper styles
68
What is the style of Tasmanian Chardonnay?
Med body, med alc, apple, white peach, pear. Malo common, to convert high acid Nearly all top wine barrel fermeny
69
Name two key Tasmanian producers:
Tolpuddle Tamar Ridge
70
What grape is Mataro more commonly known as?
Mourvèdre
71
Name two common divided canopy training styles used for new plantings?
Smart-Dyson Scott Henry
72
What state is the Port Phillip Zone?
Victoria
73
What Zone is the Yarra Valley in?
Port Phillip Zone
74
What Zone is Mornington Peninsula in?
Port Phillip Zone
75
What zone are Geelong and Macedon Ranges in?
Port Phillip Zone
76
What Zone can you find: Grampians and Pyrenees Henty
Western Victoria Zone
77
Which zone would you find: King Valley Beechworth
North East Victoria Zone
78
What Zone is the region of Coonawarra in?
Limestone Coast Zone
79
Which Region is the best known of Fleurieu Zone, South Australia?
McLaren Vale
80
What are the two key regions in Barossa Zone?
Barossa valley Eden valley
81
What are the two key regions of the Mountain Lofty Ranges Zone?
Adelaide Hills Clare Valley
82
What are the three main wine-producing regions of South Eastern Australia Zone?
Riverland Riverina Murray-Darling Producing volume
83
What is the general Climate of South Eastern Australia Zone?
Hot and Continental, with some cooling from Murray and Darling rivers
84
Name two reasons for irrigation being essential in South Eastern Australia Zone?
Sandy (free-draining) soils Rain shadow of Great dividing Range, very low rainfal
85
What are the main grapes and styles in South Eastern Australia?
Shiraz and Chardonnay Med body, high alc, low acid, ripe fruit
86
What are the best known South Australia Zones?
Barossa Zone Mount Lofty Ranges Fleurieu Limestone Coast
87
What is the flagship variety of Barossa Valley Region?
Shiraz
88
What is the climate of the Barossa Valley?
Warm, hot sunny days and cooler nights, low rainfall in growing season
89
Describe the styles in Barossa Valley: 1. On the Plains; 2. On the valley sides?
1. Fuller, riper 2. Fresher (cooler) Some producers blend them
90
What soil types are in Barossa Valley?
Complex variety - notable ironstone layer in the north prized for water retention
91
When were vines first planted in the Barossa Valley?
1840's
92
What is the Barossa Old Vine Charter?
A 2009 project established to record, preserve and promote the old vines of Barossa.
93
What is the typical style of Barossa Shiraz?
Full-bodied, high alc, high soft tannins, pronounced ripe (and cooked, baked) black fruit. Sometimes US oak. Spicy, leathery with age, long lasting.
94
What other grapes are important in Barossa?
Cabernet, on cooler sites, ripe and rich. Old vine Grenache, used for Rhone blends but also as single varietal
95
What is a feature of most soil types in the Eden Valley?
Water-retaining capacity
96
Which has higher rainfall, Eden Valley or Barossa?
Eden Valley
97
Why can the Eden Valley support more dry farming than Barossa?
Water-retaining soils, higher rainfall
98
What is the general style of Eden Valley Riesling?
Dry, high acidity, med alc. Mostly steel ferment for purity Citrus and floral Age gives honey and toast, good-outstanding
99
What is the style of Eden Valley Shiraz (vs Barossa)
Higher acid, more structured tannins, lower alc. Sits between ripeness of Barossa and the peppery style of cooler climates. Ripe, fresh plum and blackberry, sweet spice
100
Name two significant Eden Valley producers.
Henshke, Pewsey Vale
101
Name the two significant regions in Mount Lofty Ranges Zone?
Clare Valley Adelaide Hills
102
What topography influences the Adelaide Hills?
Valleys and steep hillsides, restricting mechanisation in many vineyards
103
What is the climate of Adelaide Hills?
Cool to Moderate, temperature varying due to altitude and sea proximity Maritime
104
Why is site selection important in Adelaide Hills?
Lower areas have capacity for full bodied reds, Higher cooler areas have diurnal range and good for even Pinot Noir All have ripeness because of sun
105
What are the sub regions of Adelaide Hills?
Piccadillay Valley and Lenswood
106
What problems can the higher (and sometimes late spring) rainfall cause in Adelaide Hills?
Rot and fungal diseases as humidity is higher Late rain can disrupt fruit set
107
Which white grape and style is signature for Adelaide Hills?
Sauvignon Blanc Ripe fruit, high acid, med alc Good qual, mid price
108
What is the white

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