Aula 3

Question 1

T. Hall

Answer 1

• High-context vs Low-context
• Polychronic vs Monochronic time
• Proxemics (use of space)

Question 2

High context (vs Low context) [T.Hall]

Answer 2

• Non-verbal cues
• Traditional
• Information is in the context
• Body language
• Indirect communication

Question 3

Monochronic (vs polychronic) [T.Hall]

Answer 3

• Prefer to do one thing at a time
• Value time; relationships are secondary
• Low context cultures

Question 4

Proxemics [T.Hall]

Answer 4

• use of space
• personal space and territory (claim & defend)
• smaller space: japan, india
• larger space: canada, us
• low territ.: aboriginals (they belong to the land, not the other way around)
• high territ: americans

Question 5

Hofstede

Answer 5

• Individualism/Collectivism
• Uncertainty Avoidance
• Power Distance
• Masculinity/Femininity
• Long Term/Short Term

Question 6

Power Distance

Answer 6

• The extent to which a society prefers that power is distributed equally in relationships, institutions & organizations
• High power distance: centralization and acceptance of power
• Low power distance: laws and norms minimize power distinction; Boss -> Friend

Question 7

Long term (vs short term)

Answer 7

• Future oriented valued

* Value thrift, persistence, adaptation

Question 8

Ting-Toomey

Answer 8

• Face and Facework

Question 9

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck

Answer 9

• Relationship to environment
• Reletionship among people
• Mode of normal activity
• Belief about basic human nature
• Orientation to time
• Use of space

Question 10

Relation to environment

Answer 10

• Subjugation

* Harmony/Mastery

Question 11

Subjugation [Relation to environment]

Answer 11

• World is dominated by god
• External control accepted
• Fate & chance play a role

Question 12

Harmony (vs Mastery) [Relation to environment]

Answer 12

• not separate from world around us
• human role: keep world in balance (instead of controlling and influencing the world)
• coexist in harmony

Question 13

Relationship among people

Answer 13

• Hierarchy

* Collectivism/Individualism

Question 14

Hierarchy [Relationship among people]

Answer 14

Vertical differentiation
Power and Authority increases further up the hierarchy
Status (age, family, etc.)

Question 15

Mode of Human Activity

Answer 15

Being

Thinking/Doing

Question 16

Being [Mode of Human Activity]

Answer 16

Spontaneous
oriented to present
-punctuality less important than paying attention to the present

Question 17

Thinking (vs doing) [Mode of Human Activity]

Answer 17

• Senses moderated by thought
• rational, careful thought before action (instead of compulsive)
• when in doubt, get more info (instead of take action)

Question 18

Basic human nature

Answer 18

Bad/Good

Changeable/Unchangeable

Question 19

Basic human nature (matching)

Answer 19

Bad - unchangeable
Mixed / neutral - somewhat changeable
Good - Changeable

Question 20

Orientation to time

Answer 20

• Past / Present / Future

- Polychronic / monochronic

Question 21

Use of space

Answer 21

Private / Mixed / Public

Question 22

Ecological Fallacy?

Answer 22

When you assume you can predict an individual from their culture or that you can predict a culture from an individual