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Current Affairs > August 2024 batch 2 > Flashcards

August 2024 batch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

India Vietnam ties

A

Comprehensive Strategic Partnership” in 2016
Mekong Ganga Cooperation framework.
The VINBAX exercise

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2
Q

I2U2 Initiative

A

Aka west Asian quad
strategic partnership between India, Israel, UAE and US.

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3
Q

Indo Bangladesh relations important

A

Agartala-Akhaura rail link, Khulna-Mongla Port rail line
Exercise Sampriti
India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline

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4
Q

The Depsang Plains

A

are a high-altitude, gravelly plain in the northwest part of the Aksai Chin region of Kashmir.

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4
Q

Mongla Port

A
  1. India and Bangladesh signed a MoU on the use of Chattogram and Mongla ports in 2015.
    India Ports Global Limited (IPGL) has expressed interest in operating Mongla Port.
  2. the Bagerhat District of Bangladesh. Bay of Bengal coastline. It is situated at the confluence of the Pasur River and the Mongla River.
  3. Mongla is the second largest seaport in Bangladesh after Chittagong.
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5
Q

The Demchok sector

A

is a disputed area named after the villages of Demchok in Ladakh and Demchok in Tibet, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River

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6
Q

Kankesanthurai Port

A

The Sri Lankan Cabinet has recently decided to renovate the Kankesanthurai Port in the Northern Province, with India agreeing to fund the entire project.

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6
Q

Hambantota Port

A

also known as the Magampura Mahinda Rajapaksa Port, is a maritime inland port located in Hambantota, Sri Lanka. It is constructed by the Sri Lankan Port Authority and mostly funded by EXIM bank of China.
Colombo leased the southern port to China Merchant Port Holdings, after Sri Lanka was unable to keep its loan repayment commitments, fanning fears over potential use of the port for military purposes.

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7
Q

Trincomalee

A

Deal b/w India SL
It is located in ‘China Bay’ in close proximity to the internationally coveted deep water natural harbour of Trincomalee.
The proposal of this joint development was envisaged 35 years ago, in the Indo-Lanka Accord 1987. Rajiv-Jayawardene Accord.
To develop oil tank farm

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8
Q

1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol.

A

India is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol

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8
Q

UNHCR campaigns

A

Women and Girls Safe Spaces- Governments and organizations must provide safe shelters, medical care, and legal support to combat gender-based violence
“I Am a Refugee” campaign-Promote tolerance and understanding through education

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9
Q

India US military relationship

A
  1. India received Strategic Trade Authorization Tier 1 (STA-1) status for easier access to US military technology.
  2. Launch of the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) to drive collaboration in AI, quantum computing, and cybersecurity.
  3. Launch of the India-US Defense Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUS-X) under iCET to foster collaboration among defence companies, investors, and research institutions.
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9
Q

Red Sea route

A

shortest to reach Europe from India, accounting for about 12% of global trade and 30% of global container traffic.

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10
Q

Krishi-Decision Support System (K-DSS)

A
  1. Ministry of Agriculture launched geospatial platform
  2. part of the Digital Public Infrastructure for Agriculture announced in 2024 Budget.
  3. K-DSS is a satellite-based platform providing weather, groundwater, soil, and reservoir data etc
  4. ISRO has launched Microsat 2C satellite to provide information about soil moisture and wind speed.
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11
Q

Nandini Sahakar Yojana

A
  1. To support women cooperatives under the National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)
  2. Any cooperative society with at least 50% women as primary members and a minimum of
    three months in operation.
  3. credit linkage for infrastructure term loans and working capital with no minimum or maximum limit on financial assistance, along with subsidies or interest subvention
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12
Q

National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)

A

statutory body under the Ministry of Cooperation

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13
Q

Jan Dhan Yojana

A
  1. Financial inclusion through Basic Savings Bank Accounts for unbanked individuals. No account opening, maintenance, or minimum balance charges.
  2. JAM trinity (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile). ntegration with Other Schemes: Eligible for Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT), Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), Atal Pension Yojana(APY), and MUDRA scheme.
  3. RuPay Debit Cards: Issued to account holders with accident insurance cover up to ₹2 lakh and an overdraft facility of up to ₹10,000.
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14
Q

MUDRA scheme

A
  1. ignite entrepreneurship by offering collateral-free micro-loans up to ₹10 lakh. increased the loan limit to ₹20 lakh under Traun category.
  2. promotes gender equality and social equity, supporting rural and semi-urban job creation
    and self-employment. 69% of loans are held by women.
  3. Shishu: Loans up to Rs. 50,000. Kishore: Loans from Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 5 lakh. Tarun: Loans from Rs. 5 lakh to Rs. 10 lakh.
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15
Q

Flood Watch India 2.0

A
  1. Ministry of Jal Shakti, developed by the Central Water Commission (CWC), real-time updates on flood conditions
16
Q

Central Water Commission

A
  1. apex body dealing with surface water resources established in 1945. conserve and manage water resources.
  2. headquartered in New Delhi,
  3. Ministry of Jal Shakti.
17
Q

SC Verdict on Nomination of Alderman by Delhi LG

A

(persons with special knowledge in Administration) to the Municipal Corporation of Delhi. It held that DMC Act gives the Delhi L-G ‘explicit’ power to nominate aldermen without the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers from the Delhi Government.

18
Q

State of Rajasthan vs Balchand alias Baliya (1977).

A

bail is the rule, and jail is an exception. Bail should only be denied if there is a risk of the accused fleeing, committing repeat offenses, or intimidating witnesses.

19
Q

SC Manish Sisodia case

A

right to a fair and speedy trial is a right under Article 21
Section 45 of the PMLA won’t prevent bail if prolonged incarceration or slow trials occur.

20
Q

Euthanasia in India/ mercy killing

A

allowing the withdrawal of life support in terminal cases contingent upon the presence of a ‘living will.’ A living will is a legal document specifying an individual’s preferences for medical treatment if they become incapacitated. It must be signed by the individual in the presence of two witnesses and countersigned by a Judicial Magistrate of First Class (JMFC).
Aruna Shanbaug Case, 2011: The Landmark Case allowed passive euthanasia for Aruna Shanbaug.
Harish Rana Case (2024): The SC denied the withdrawal of a Ryles tube from a patient in a vegetative state, stating it is not a life support system.

21
Q

Challenges to bail under PMLA

A

The 2018 amendment to the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) revived the ‘twin conditions’ under Section 45(1), making it harder to secure bail.
❖ The public prosecutor must be given an opportunity to oppose the bail application.
❖ The court must be satisfied that the accused is not guilty and unlikely to commit further offenses.
The twin conditions of bail under Section 45 of the PMLA pose stringent thresholds for an accused.
For one, the person has to prove in court that he or she is prima facie innocent of the offence.
Secondly, the accused should be able to convince the judge he would not commit any offence while on bail.

22
Q

What is the Creamy Layer?

A

In the 1992 Indra Sawhney case, the SC upheld the 27% reservation for OBCs and required the
exclusion of the creamy layer from these reservations.
It is based on the Justice Ram Nandan Prasad Committee’s recommendations from 1993 and its determination is made solely by the position or income of the applicant’s parents.
Criteria include:
❖ Parental income, excluding salary and agricultural income, being more than ₹8 lakh each year for the last three consecutive financial years.
❖ Parents, either of whom entered government service (central or state) as Group A/Class I officers, or parents, both of whom entered as Group B/Class II officers, or a father who was recruited in a Group B/Class II post and promoted to Group A/Class I before 40 years of age.
❖ Either of the parents employed in a managerial position in PSUs.
❖ Either of the parents holding constitutional posts.

23
Q

SC Verdict on Sub-Classification of SCs/STs

A
  1. declared that Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) do not form a socially homogeneous group, allowing sub-classification, reverses the E.V. Chinnaiah ruling, which held that SCs/STs were homogeneous and could not be subdivided for reservations.
  2. The President specifies SCs under Article 341(1), while Parliament alone can amend this list under Article 341(2). The inclusion in the Presidential list does not create a uniform, unalterable class.
  3. States can identify different levels of social backwardness within SCs under Articles 15(4) and 16(4) and provide special provisions like reservations.
24
Q

Chief Secretary

A
  1. head of the Civil Services in the State
  2. chief advisor to the Chief Minister (CM)
    head of the General Administration department headed by the Chief Minister.
  3. The Chief Secretary is the senior-most cadre post in the state administration, ranking 23rd on the Indian Order of Precedence (maintained by Ministry of Home Affairs).
  4. In the Union Territories, which are governed by Administrators, Chief Secretaries are absent. However, the UTs of Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Puducherry, which have been granted partial statehood, do have Chief Secretaries.
25
Q

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)

A

is a statutory body established by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare to set science-based standards for articles of food and to regulate their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import to ensure availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption.

26
Q

Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development. (PARAKH)

A

Established under the NCERT, it is a standard-setting body tasked with ensuring consistency and quality across India’s diverse school boards.

27
Q

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas

A
  1. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas are residential schools that provide quality education.
  2. ensures the availability of at least one residential school for girls in Classes VI-XII in every educationally backward block (EBB).
  3. The scheme reserves 75% of seats for girls from SC and ST communities and prioritizes the remaining 25% for girls from BPL families.
28
Q

Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs)

A
  1. twin criteria of Female Literacy Rate being below the national average of 46.13% and Gender gap in Literacy being above the national average of 21.59%.
  2. The criteria has been earmarked by the Registrar General of India and Census Commissioner.
29
Q

NIRF Rankings

A

methodology adopted by the Ministry of Education to rank higher education institutions annually

30
Q

Kirti Chakra (“Wheel of Glory”)

A

peacetime equivalent of the Maha Vir Chakra and is second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards, after Ashoka Chakra. Awarded to civilians as well.

31
Q

Rajan Committee report

A

Justice AK Rajan led panel suggests Tamil Nadu govt to abolish NEET

32
Q

Shaurya Chakra

A

Counter-Insurgency operations and actions against the enemy during peace-time, sometimes posthumously and may be awarded to civilians also. peacetime equivalent of the Vir Chakra and is third in order of precedence. precedes the Yudh Seva Medal.

33
Q

Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar

A

By President
Vigyan Ratna Award: To scientists who have made lifetime contributions
Vigyan Shri Awards: To scientists who have made distinguished contributions
Vigyan Yuva-SSB Awards: To recognize scientists who have exceptionally contributed
Vigyan Team Awards: To a team of scientists for making ground-breaking research

33
Q

Kalinga award

A

Kalinga Prize is UNESCO’s oldest award that honors individuals for their outstanding contributions to popularizing science. Has been withdrawn.

33
Q

Timor Leste location

A

only Asian Nation to be completely located in the Southern Hemisphere.
the eastern Lesser Sunda Islands, at the southern extreme of the Malay Archipelago.
bounded by the Timor Sea to the south, the Wetar Strait to the north, the Ombai Strait to the
west, western Timor of Indonesia to the southwest and Austalia to the south.

34
Q

Northern Bald Ibis

A

The Northern Bald Ibis (or Waldrapp), a migratory bird endangered” in IUCN red list
native to parts of northern Africa and southwest Asia.

35
Q

Great Four-Ringed Butterfly

A

dull brown-grey wings with three yellow-ringed eye spots. China and also found in Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, and northeastern India.

36
Q

Humpback Whales

A

IUCN Least concern
a species of baleen whale, named after the distinctive hump in front of its small dorsal fin. create “bubble nets” to catch their prey.
They share complex songs with whales to attract females or serve as territorial markers

37
Q

Methanotrophs in India

A
  1. first indigenous natural methane-mitigating agents, primarily Methylocucumis oryzae, reported from rice fields and wetlands in Western India.
  2. It is characterised by its cucumber-like shape, large size, strict mesophilic nature (grows below 37ºC), and pale pink colonies.
  3. It promotes rice plant growth
38
Q

Methanotrophs

A

natural methane-mitigating agents. They oxidize methane to build their biomass, breathing oxygen and producing CO₂ and H₂O.

39
Q

Purandar Figs

A

grown in Purandar taluk, Pune district, Maharashtra it was awarded GI Tag in 2016.
Bell-shaped, larger in size, with violet skin and over 80% pinkish-red edible pulp.
dry, hilly slopes with well-drained red and black soil.

40
Q

Fig Trees

A

indigenous to Asiatic Turkey and northern India. Maharashtra>Gujarat>Uttar Pradesh. It is a deciduous, multi-trunk tree with smooth gray bark that grows to a height of 15-30 feet. arid and semi-arid environments with high summer temperatures, plenty of sunshine, and
moderate water and can survive temperatures as high as 45°C.

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