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Current Affairs > August 2024 > Flashcards

August 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

Polygraph test

A

records blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity when asked questions. Not completely accurate. Must be voluntary acc to NHRC
not considered confessions- Selvi vs State of Karnataka Case 2010: against self-incrimination under Article 20(3) of IC- No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness
against himself.
thus as per Indian Evidence Act, 1872, results are not considered conclusive evidence, but they can be used as corroborative evidence

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2
Q

Narco-Analysis

A
  • It is a technique involving intravenous administration of a drug (such as sodium pentothal, scopolamine and sodium amytal) to induce a semi-conscious state in order to obtain information from a person.
  • Accused’s statement isn’t considered evidence, any physical evidence found as a result
    voluntary test results may be admissible under the Evidence Act of 1872.
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3
Q

Brain Mapping

A

No legal sanctity

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4
Q

Trademark

A

A sign (word, symbol, etc.) that distinguishes goods or services of one enterprise from another, helping identify brand

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5
Q

Patent

A

An exclusive right granted for a new invention, allowing the inventor to prevent others from making, using, or selling it.

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6
Q

Copyright

A

Protection for creators of original works, giving them exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, or perform their creations.

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7
Q

Geographical Indication (GI)

A

A sign used on products from a specific place, indicating qualities or reputation linked to that location.

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8
Q

Trioplex RT-PCR test

A

is developed by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC). It can detect dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses

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9
Q

Baghdad Pact (CENTO/METO)

A

signed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the UK, was a defensive military alliance aimed at maintaining peace and security.. The pact’s main goal was to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding into the Middle East

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10
Q

MGNREGA Unemployment Allowance

A

Section 7(1) of MGNREGA, 2005, if a person is not employed within 15 days of applying,
they are entitled to a daily unemployment allowance. It is one-fourth of the wage rate for the first 30 days of the year and half of the wage rate thereafter. It was introduced to hold states accountable.

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11
Q

Significance of the Handloom Industry

A

second-largest employment generator after agriculture. 70% women.

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12
Q

Amendments to the Flag Code of India

A

originally mandated the use of “hand-woven” khadi fabric for the national flag to reflect India’s heritage. A 2021 amendment permitted machine-made polyester flags.
2022, the Centre allowed the National Flag to be flown both during the day as well as at night if it is displayed in the open or on the house of a member of the public.

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13
Q

Flag code

A

Part I: a general description of the flag
Part II: display of flag by members of public, and private organizations, educational institutions, etc.
Part III: the display of the national flag by central and state governments and their organizations and agencies.
The flag’s dimensions must be in the ratio of 3:2 (length to width). The flags of 450X300 mm size are intended for aircraft on VVIP flights, 225X150 mm size for motor-cars, and 150X100 mm size for table flags.

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14
Q

Current national flag conceptualization

A

Pingali Venkayya, an Indian freedom fighter and scholar. He presented his design to Mahatma Gandhi in 1921 during the All-India Congress Committee meeting.

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15
Q

General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re)

A
  1. It was formed under Section 9 (1) of the General Insurance Business (Nationalization) Act to superintend, control, and carry on the business of general insurance across the country.
  2. It is registered as a private company under the Companies Act of 1956.
  3. It works under Ministry of Finance as the sole Indian reinsurer which provides insurance to other insurance companies.
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16
Q

Unified Lending Interface

A

a tech platform for frictionless credit. Unified Lending Interface (ULI) is a platform designed to simplify lending for MSMEs and farmers. as part of “new trinity”- JAM-UPI-ULI.

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17
Q

Government Bonds under Fully Accessible Route (FAR)

A

14-Year and 30-Year Government Securities Are Excluded from FAR

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18
Q

SEBI Chairperson appointment

A

5 years or till 65 years, whichever earliest.
Candidates are shortlisted by the Financial Sector Regulatory Appointments Search Committee
(FSRASC) headed by the Cabinet Secretary.
The Appointments Committee of Cabinet, headed by the Prime Minister, considers the panel’s recommendations and appoints the Chairperson

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19
Q

Securities and Exchange Board of India

A
  1. April 1988 as a non-statutory body, SEBI became statutory on April 12, 1992, under the
    SEBI Act, 1992.
  2. It acts as the principal regulator of the securities market, and watchdog of the Indian capital market
  3. functioning under the Ministry of Finance.
  4. Its headquarters is in Mumbai, with regional offices in Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Chennai, and Delhi.
  5. The Board of Directors has 9 members including a chairperson nominated by the Government of India, 2 members from the Union Ministry of Finance, 1 member from the Reserve Bank of India and 5 other members appointed by the Government, including at least 3 full-time Members.
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20
Q

Great Barrier Reef

A

world’s largest collection of coral reefs, UNESCO World Heritage site
Located in the Coral Sea, off the northeastern coast of Australia, it extends in a north-south direction,
roughly parallel to the mainland and south of the Torres Strait.

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21
Q

Impact of Climate Change on Earth’s Rotation

A

Melting polar ice shifts water toward the equator, causing the Earth to bulge and its rotation to
slow due to the law of conservation of angular momentum
This slowdown affects precise timekeeping systems, such as atomic clocks, which are crucial for GPS, stock trading, and space travel

22
Q

Negative Leap Second

A

It is a proposed adjustment to Coordinated Universal Time where one second would be subtracted to address Earth’s increasing rotational speed, which shortens days over time.
Current Status: This adjustment is planned for 2026 but has never been tested,

23
Q

Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS)

A

transport of the captured CO2 to sites, either for utilization in different applications or
injection into geological formations or depleted oil & gas fields for permanent storage and trapping of the CO2.
decarbonizing hard-to-abate industries (steel, cement, chemicals).

24
Q

Lima Adaptation Knowledge Initiative, 2014

A

It is a joint action pledge between the UNFCCC Secretariat and UNEP through its Global Adaptation Network to distribute and exchange climate change adaptation knowledge.

25
Q

Indian Carbon Market

A

A system where total emissions are absolutely capped, and entities can trade emission permits to encourage cost-effective pollution reduction

26
Q

Banni Grasslands

A
  1. largest grassland in Asia
  2. Near the Great Rann of Kutch, Gujarat
  3. Desert Wildlife Sanctuary and Chhari Dhand Conservation Reserve found within
  4. It is a salt-tolerant grassland,
27
Q

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology

A

laser light to measure distances between objects. By emitting pulses of laser light and recording the time it takes for the reflected light to return, LiDAR can create detailed 3D maps of the environment, which are crucial for applications like autonomous vehicles, surveying, and precision agriculture.

28
Q

Soil Piping

A

Soil piping is a hydraulic process in loose, uncemented soils where water flow erodes particles, creating and connecting macropores (large air-filled voids). This subsoil flows through pipe-like channels, leading to rapid settlement, landslides, and collapse subsidence.

29
Q

Threat to open ecosystems

A

Open natural ecosystem is characterized by a grassy understory and scattered native tree species, are maintained by disturbance regimes such as grazing and fire. National parks in India had shrunk grassland habitats by 34%, and tree cover increased by 8.7%.

30
Q

Shola grasslands

A

are unique ecosystems found primarily in the Western Ghats of India. They consist of patches of stunted evergreen forests (sholas) interspersed with open grasslands.

31
Q

Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills

A

Long, yellow, down-curved beak, which can be up to 1/6th of its body length. Native to the dry savannas of southern Africa. IUCN: Least Concern.

32
Q

Bhoj wetland and MP Ramsar sites

A

Bhoj Wetland consists of two artificial lakes, Bhojtal (Upper Lake) and the Lower Lake. formed by Raja Bhoj by damming Kolans river. A Ramsar site.
Other Ramsar sites in MP include Sirpur Wetland, Sakhya Sagar, and Yaswant Sagar.

33
Q

National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems (NPCA)

A

Centrally sponsored scheme. Four-pronged approach, including the creation of a Wetland Brief Document, a Wetland Health Card, Wetlands Mitras for collaboration, and a Wetland Integrated Management Plan.

34
Q

New Ramsar sites in MP and TN

A

Nanjarayan and Kazhuveli bird sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu and the Tawa reservoir in
Madhya Pradesh

35
Q

Tawa river

A

The river originates from Mahadeo hills and is the longest tributary of river Narmada.

36
Q

Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve

A

Includes the World Heritage site of Hampi and was officially notified in 2016.
The reserve focuses on conserving smooth-coated otters and small-clawed
otters, both classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List.
Otters defecate as a group to mark territory and ward off intruders (key survival behavior.

37
Q

Vishalgad Fort

A

built by Shilahara king Marsinh atop the Sahyadri mountains.
Fell under Khiljis, later Vijaynagar, then Shivaji.

38
Q

Gotipua Dance

A

Odisha- emergence in 16th century, during Bhoi king Rama Chandra Dev.
developed as a male counterpart (boys dressed as girls) to the declining Mahari tradition.
precursor to the Odissi dance.
It is performed in praise of Lord Jagannath and Lord Krishna.

39
Q

Kalamezhuthu (Dhulee Chithram)

A

communal ritual art, erased at the end of the ritual.

40
Q

Ballast Water Management

A

Ballast water is seawater taken into a ship’s tanks to maintain stability when the ship discharges cargo and rises in the water and is pumped out when the ship loads cargo and sinks deeper.
Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention: Enforced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). India has not signed.

41
Q

Bonda Tribe

A

Aka Remo, Munda ethnic group.

41
Q

Charru Mussel

A

It is an invasive species native to South and Central America

42
Q

Andhra Pradesh tribes

A

Bagata/ Bhakta Tribe
Porja Tribe
Konda Dora/ Pandava Dora Tribe

43
Q

Tribal Communities in Mizoram

A

Zo-ethnic tribes such as Mizo (Lushai), Hmar, Pawi, Lai, Mara, Gangte and non-Zo-
ethnic people such as Chakma tribes

44
Q

Cloudbursts

A

A cloudburst is an intense torrential rainfall brought by a thunderstorm that lasts for a relatively short duration (a few minutes to a few hours).

45
Q

Cryosphere

A

includes the components of the Earth System that are frozen, including snow cover, glaciers,
ice sheets, ice shelves, icebergs, sea ice, lake ice, river ice, permafrost, seasonally frozen ground, and solid precipitation.

46
Q

Megaquake

A

with a magnitude of 8 or more

47
Q

Nankai Trough

A

The Nankai Trough is an underwater subduction zone off Japan’s southwest Pacific coast.

47
Q

Legislation and Constitutional Provisions for census

A

The Census Act of 1948 governs the conduct of the census.
Article 246 of the Constitution designates the census as a Union subject (entry 69, 7th schedule).

48
Q

Sarojini Naidu

A
  1. Kaisar-i-Hind Medal in 1911 for flood relief work, which she returned in 1919 to protest the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
  2. co-founded the Women’s Indian Association with Muthulakshmi Reddy, founding member of
  3. All India Women’s Conference (founded by Margaret Cousins)
  4. maintained close contacts with the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
  5. represented the Indian National Congress at the East African Indian National Congress
    first Indian woman president of INC
  6. participated in the second Round Table Conference
  7. United Province’s first female governor
  8. Nightingale of India: Earned the title for her poetic prowess, beginning her writing journey at
  9. Key Publications: The Golden Threshold , The Bird of Time , The Broken Wing , The Sceptred Flute , The Feather of the Dawn
  10. birthday is honoured as National Women’s Day
49
Q

First flag hoisted and colour denotation

A

Kolkata
The saffron symbolises strength and courage, while, white represents peace and truth. The green colour denotes fertility and growth.

Current Affairs (3 decks)

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