Auditory System Flashcards
Amplitude determines what sound quality
Loudness
Frequency determaines what sound quality
Pitch
Complexity determines what sound quality?
Timbre
Fourier analysis
Breaks a natural sound into its component sound waves
Main way to determine sound sources
What makes up the middle chamber of the cochlea?
Basilar membrane and Raissner’s membrane
How does the Basilar membrane measure frequency?
Thick and low mass the base; high mass and thick at the top (low frequency)
Which portion vibrates will say the frequency
How is pitch determined?
The space between various vibrating frequencies
The motion of the basilar membrane becomes what?
Up-down motion of the basilar membrane is converted to a side to side emotion of the sterocilia (hair on hair cells)
Organ of Corti
How are neurotransmitters released in the ear?
The side-to-side motion of the hair cells take the place of the G protein to open the trap door. Short hairs pull the tall ones (which are organized based on height).
The outer hair cells amplify sound, while the inner hair cells communicate with the brain.
What is the path of auditory information out of the ear and into the brain?
Cochlear nuclei to superior olives on either side of the Brian stem to ipsilateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus to ipsilateral primary auditory cortex
Where does information cross for auditory information in the brain?
output of the superior olive
How are the regions of the auditory cortex organized?
tontopic, by frequency
Left-Right sound localization
Processed through the superior olive, sounds comes to the ears at different times based on their location
What is the localization push-pull process?
Both medial superior olives process sound from both ears. When these arrive at the same time (accounting for the more time from the distant ear), the MSO likes this. When the timing is off, the MSO does not like this.
What two areas of the association cortex are audio signals sent to?
posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex
