Auditory Habilitation and Rehabilitation Flashcards
Of the following newborns, which would not be at particularly high risk for hearing loss?
a. Babies who weigh more than 9 lbs (4 kg) at birth
b. Babies whose mothers had cytomegalovirus during pregnancy
c. Babies with craniofacial anomalies
d. Babies with high Apgar scores
e. All the above
a. Babies who weigh more than 9 lbs (4 kg) at birth
In most classic auditory training programs, the aim of training is for the patient to progress from one skill level to the next. The hierarchy of skills is typically composed of the following:
a. Formal and then informal
b. Sound awareness, sound discrimination, identification, comprehension
c. Words, phrases, sentences
d. Auditory perception only, visual perception only, and then audiovisual speech perception
e. Formal, sound awareness, words, visual perception only
b. Sound awareness, sound discrimination, identification, comprehension
An audiologist finds that a 75-year-old patient has a sloping sensorineural hearing loss. The patient performs more poorly on a test of speech recognition than would be predicted by her pure-tone average. This patient most likely has:
a. Otosclerosis
b. Dementia
c. Cholesteatoma
d. Presbycusis
e. Conductive hearing loss
d. Presbycusis
Of the following statements about cued speech, which is true?
a. Cued speech is a system of manually coded English
b. Cued speech involves the use of phonemically based hand gestures to supplement speechreading
c. Cued speech is another name for a communication mode that is characteristic of a “multisensory approach”
d. Cued speech replaces speechreading as a child’s communication mode
c. None of the above
b. Cued speech involves the use of phonemically based hand gestures to supplement speechreading
Charles is a 10-year-old who has a mild to moderate hearing loss. He has worn a hearing aid since the age of 18 months. He was recently referred to a speech-language pathologist for speech therapy. Which statement probably characterizes his articulation difficulties?
a. He neutralizes his vowels and tends to produce voiced-voiceless confusions and errors in consonant clusters
b. He often produces vowels in the form of diphthongs and produces such consonantal errors as substitutions, omissions, and distortions
c. Whereas vowel production is appropriate, he has difficulty in producing affricates, fricatives, glides, and laterals
d. He pronounces most sounds with good accuracy, but he often mispronounces the fricatives /s/ and /sh/
e. The fricative and affricate manners of articulation are problematic for the child to produce
d. He pronounces most sounds with good accuracy, but he often mispronounces the fricatives /s/ and /sh/
For some relief from the sensation of tinnitus, various options are available. Of the following methods, which is not typically considered an option?
a. Sound maskers
b. Cognitive therapy and counseling
c. Medication
d. Tinnitus retraining therapy
e. Relaxation training
c. Medication
A member of the Deaf culture seeks services from a speech and hearing professional. The individual is most likely inquiring about:
a. A hearing test
b. Sign interpreting
c. Speech therapy
d. Cochlear implants
e. Use of amplification
b. Sign interpreting
A man has a significant hearing loss. His wife asks the speech and hearing professional about how she might facilitate conversation with her husband. The professional suggests that she learn to speak using a technique known as “clear speech.” The wife should learn to speak:
a. With a somewhat slowed speaking rate and with good but not exaggerated enunciation
b. With simple syntax, such as speaking predominantly subject-verb-object sentences
c. With semantically straightforward utterances, avoiding unclear references and unspecified pronouns
d. With animated facial expressions and exaggerated lip and jaw movements so that speechreading is easier for the husband
e. With a slightly increased rate of speech and exaggerated oral movements
a. With a somewhat slowed speaking rate and with good but not exaggerated enunciation
Of the following statements, which best characterizes the difficulty of the lipreading task?
a. Most people recognize fewer than 20% of the words they see when they cannot simultaneously hear the speech signal
b. About 60% of the sounds of the English language are visible on the mouth and about 40% cannot be readily seen
c. Viseme groups, such as /p/, /ol, /f/, and /v/, magnify the difficulty of the lipreading task
d. Most words are homophonous, meaning that other words that sound very similar exist in the language; the existence of homophones is one reason that many people experience difficulty in lipreading
e. All the above
a. Most people recognize fewer than 20% of the words they see when they cannot simultaneously hear the speech signal
According the American Academy of Audiology, the recommended components of a routine auditory assessment include which of the following?
a. Documentation of a case history, audiography, otoscopic inspection, speech audiometry, determination of the need for physician referral, counseling, assessment of candidacy for and motivation to use amplification, and determination of medical clearance as determined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
b. A hearing screening, speech discrimination testing, patient counseling, and documentation of a case history
c. Audiography, otoscopic inspection, fitting for a hearing aid if indicated, and determination of medical clearance as determined by the FDA
d. A hearing screening, immittance testing, speech audiometry, determination of medical clearance as determined by the FDA, and patient counseling
e. None of the above
a. Documentation of a case history, audiography, otoscopic inspection, speech audiometry, determination of the need for physician referral, counseling, assessment of candidacy for and motivation to use amplification, and determination of medical clearance as determined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Many aural rehabilitation specialists encourage their patients to avoid using nonspecific repair strategies.
Of the following statements, which is not true of nonspecific repair strategies?
a. This is the kind of repair strategy most commonly used by adults who have hearing loss
b. An example of a nonspecific repair strategy is “Would you please repeat that?”
c. When a listener uses a nonspecific repair strategy, the communication partner typically repeats what he or she just said verbatim
d. When an individual with hearing loss uses nonspecific repair strategies, conversational partners sometimes perceive the individual in an unfavorable light
e. Nonspecific repair strategies typically do not interfere significantly with the course of an existing conversation
b. An example of a nonspecific repair strategy is “Would you please repeat that?”
What is the definition of an acoustical lexical neighborhood?
a. A set of words that contain the speech sounds with the same frequency in which they occur in everyday conversations
b. A set of words that have similar meanings and similar frequency of occurrence, such as house, home, and apartment
c. The result of a statistical analysis that indicates the transmission of speech features; test stimuli are grouped on the basis of the presence or absence of those features, and confusions between these stimuli are scored
d. A set of words that are acoustically similar and have approximately the same frequency of occurrence
e. All of the above
d. A set of words that are acoustically similar and have approximately the same frequency of occurrence
Of the following statements, which best summarizes the primary goal of communication strategies training for adults who have hearing loss?
a. To enhance a patient’s ability to recognize the audiovisual speech signal
b. To enhance a patient’s conversational fluency
c. To eradicate a patient’s passive communication behaviors
d. To increase the use of repair strategies by patients who have hearing loss
e. To introduce a passive conversational style
b. To enhance a patient’s conversational fluency
Continuous discourse tracking is:
a. Often used as an assessment procedure to determine how well patients can understand connected discourse
b. A procedure used by teachers to track the language development of children who have significant hearing loss
c. A training activity in which the receiver (listener) attempts to repeat text that is presented by a sender (speaker) verbatim
d. An instructional strategy used to teach children how to read
e. An instructional strategy used to facilitate fine motor development
c. A training activity in which the receiver (listener) attempts to repeat text that is presented by a sender (speaker) verbatim
The so-called McGurk effect is important because:
a. It helps explain why learning effects occur with repeated exposure to the items on a speech recognition test
b. It helps explain why patients who have hearing loss prefer to receive communication strategies training and personal adjustment counseling in small groups rather than in one-on-one sessions with an audiologist
c. It explains why many patients who have hearing loss believed that they have benefited from receiving auditory training even if pretraining and posttraining speech test results do not show a change
d. It is an unequivocal demonstration of audiovisual integration
e. All the above
d. It is an unequivocal demonstration of audiovisual integration
