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ugat sa utak > auditory and vestib > Flashcards

auditory and vestib Flashcards

1
Q

discuss auditory pathway from sound waves to inner ear

A

sound waves - tympanic membrane - middle ear ossicles - oval window - inner ear - vibrations

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2
Q

what are the components of middle ear ossicles

A

malleus, incus and stapes

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3
Q

malleus is dampened by _____

A

tensor tympani

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4
Q

stapes is dampened by _____

A

stapedius muscle

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5
Q

components of inner ear

A

cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals
bony labyrinth

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6
Q

bony labyrinth contains

A

perylimph - structures of membranous labyrinth

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7
Q

comppnents of membranous labyrinth

A

(cochlear duct, utricle, saccule and semicircular canals)

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8
Q

found w/in membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

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9
Q

pathway of vibrations

A

vibration - scala vestibuli - cochlea - scala tympani - pressure waves - round window

vibration - cochlear duct - organ of corti - basilar memb - spiral gang - cochlear nerve

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10
Q

higher frequency sounds activate hair cells near

A

apex of the cochlea

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11
Q

discuss path from spinal ganglion

A

spinal gang - dorsal and ventral cochlear nuc - B brainstem - inf coll - MGB p primary auditory cortex

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12
Q

localize sounds horizontally in space

A

Superior olivary nuclear complex

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13
Q

crossing auditory fibers

A

trapezoid body

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14
Q

Lesions in CNS proximal to cochlear nuclei

A

do not cause unilateral deafness because auditory information crosses bilaterally at multiple points in the brainstem

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15
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

peripheral lesion in external auditory canal and middle ear

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16
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

Due to cochlea or auditory component of CN VIII

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17
Q

webers test of conductive

A

louder on affected side

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18
Q

webers on sensorineural

A

softer on affected side

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19
Q

normal rinne test

A

sound next to ear should be louder - AC > BC

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20
Q

rinne test of conductive

A

BC > AC - middle ear bones not workin - softer next to ear

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21
Q

rinne of sensorineural

A

AC > BC but dec in affected ear

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22
Q

receive input from utricle, anterior saccule and anterior and lateral semicircular canals

A

sup vestibular gang

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23
Q

receive input from post saccule and psot semicircular canal

A

inf vestibular gang

24
Q

discuss pathway of head rotation

A

head rot = movement of endolymph through ampullae - deforms gelatinous cupula = hair cells (crista ampullaris) - activates vestibular ganglia of Scarpa - vestibular nerves

25
Q

contains maculae

A

utricle and saccule for linear accleration and head tilt

26
Q

contains otoliths

A

macula

27
Q

discuss gravity, linear acceleration

A

pulls on otoliths - activates hair cells - vestbular gang - vestibular div of CN VIII - vestib nuc

28
Q

for angular acceleration

A

semicircular canals

29
Q

for linear acceleration

A

utricle and saccule - otoliths

30
Q

for vestibulo ocular reflex

A

medial vestibular nuc

31
Q

responsible for VOR

A

Communication between vestibular nuclei and abducens nerve (LR) on contralateral side and ipsilateral MR - MLF to CN III

32
Q

discuss VOR

A

Side to which head turns stimulated the ipsilateral vestibular system greater - ocular motor nuc through MLF

33
Q

supresses VOR

A

vestibulocerebellum

33
Q

triggers physiologic nystagmus

A

spinning, stripes, endpoint gaze

34
Q

triggers pathologic nystagmus

A

lesions in retina, optic nerve/chiasm, brainstem, cerebellum

35
Q

apparent oscillation of objects viewed

A

Oscillopsia

36
Q

sensation of movement, generally a feeling of rotation or spinning of self or the environment

A

vertigo

37
Q

Central and peripheral lesions

A

jerk nystagmus

38
Q

always vestibular in origin

A

unidirectional jerk nystagmus

39
Q

almost always central in origin - brainstem lesion

A

Acquired bidirectional horizontal nystagmus

40
Q

may have a rotatory component

A

pendular nystagmus

41
Q

inhibited by visual fixaton

A

peripheral nystagmus

42
Q

caused by brainstem or cerebellar strokes, neoplasms or multiple sclerosis

A

acquired pendular nystagmus

43
Q

short lasting

A

acquired peripheral nystagmus

44
Q

long lasting

A

central nystagmus

45
Q

spinning or tilting sensation of movement associated with neurologic etiology

A

True vertigo

46
Q

generally associated with CV origin

A

Lightheadedness

Presyncope

47
Q

gait disorder, orthopedic

neurologic

A

Disequilibrium

Imbalance

48
Q

lesion in Inner ear and CN VIII

A

peripheral vertigo

49
Q

Brainstem and cerebellum with other focal neurologic deficits (diplopia, visual changes, somatosensory changes, weakness, dysarthria, incoordination)

A

central vertigo

50
Q

peripheral head impulse

A

catch up saccade

51
Q

central head impulse

A

no saccade

52
Q

peripheral nystagmus

A

uni

53
Q

central nystagmus

A

bidirectional

54
Q

skew of peripheral

A

no skew

55
Q

skew of central

A

vertical skew

ugat sa utak (14 decks)

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