auditory and vestib

Question 1

discuss auditory pathway from sound waves to inner ear

Answer 1

sound waves - tympanic membrane - middle ear ossicles - oval window - inner ear - vibrations

Question 2

what are the components of middle ear ossicles

Answer 2

malleus, incus and stapes

Question 3

malleus is dampened by _____

Answer 3

tensor tympani

Question 4

stapes is dampened by _____

Answer 4

stapedius muscle

Question 5

components of inner ear

Answer 5

cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals
bony labyrinth

Question 6

bony labyrinth contains

Answer 6

perylimph - structures of membranous labyrinth

Question 7

comppnents of membranous labyrinth

Answer 7

(cochlear duct, utricle, saccule and semicircular canals)

Question 8

found w/in membranous labyrinth

Answer 8

endolymph

Question 9

pathway of vibrations

Answer 9

vibration - scala vestibuli - cochlea - scala tympani - pressure waves - round window

vibration - cochlear duct - organ of corti - basilar memb - spiral gang - cochlear nerve

Question 10

higher frequency sounds activate hair cells near

Answer 10

apex of the cochlea

Question 11

discuss path from spinal ganglion

Answer 11

spinal gang - dorsal and ventral cochlear nuc - B brainstem - inf coll - MGB p primary auditory cortex

Question 12

localize sounds horizontally in space

Answer 12

Superior olivary nuclear complex

Question 13

crossing auditory fibers

Answer 13

trapezoid body

Question 14

Lesions in CNS proximal to cochlear nuclei

Answer 14

do not cause unilateral deafness because auditory information crosses bilaterally at multiple points in the brainstem

Question 15

conductive hearing loss

Answer 15

peripheral lesion in external auditory canal and middle ear

Question 16

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 16

Due to cochlea or auditory component of CN VIII

Question 17

webers test of conductive

Answer 17

louder on affected side

Question 18

webers on sensorineural

Answer 18

softer on affected side

Question 19

normal rinne test

Answer 19

sound next to ear should be louder - AC > BC

Question 20

rinne test of conductive

Answer 20

BC > AC - middle ear bones not workin - softer next to ear

Question 21

rinne of sensorineural

Answer 21

AC > BC but dec in affected ear

Question 22

receive input from utricle, anterior saccule and anterior and lateral semicircular canals

Answer 22

sup vestibular gang

Question 23

receive input from post saccule and psot semicircular canal

Answer 23

inf vestibular gang

Question 24

discuss pathway of head rotation

Answer 24

head rot = movement of endolymph through ampullae - deforms gelatinous cupula = hair cells (crista ampullaris) - activates vestibular ganglia of Scarpa - vestibular nerves

Question 25

contains maculae

Answer 25

utricle and saccule for linear accleration and head tilt

Question 26

contains otoliths

Answer 26

macula

Question 27

discuss gravity, linear acceleration

Answer 27

pulls on otoliths - activates hair cells - vestbular gang - vestibular div of CN VIII - vestib nuc

Question 28

for angular acceleration

Answer 28

semicircular canals

Question 29

for linear acceleration

Answer 29

utricle and saccule - otoliths

Question 30

for vestibulo ocular reflex

Answer 30

medial vestibular nuc

Question 31

responsible for VOR

Answer 31

Communication between vestibular nuclei and abducens nerve (LR) on contralateral side and ipsilateral MR - MLF to CN III

Question 32

discuss VOR

Answer 32

Side to which head turns stimulated the ipsilateral vestibular system greater - ocular motor nuc through MLF

Question 33

supresses VOR

Answer 33

vestibulocerebellum

Question 33

triggers physiologic nystagmus

Answer 33

spinning, stripes, endpoint gaze

Question 34

triggers pathologic nystagmus

Answer 34

lesions in retina, optic nerve/chiasm, brainstem, cerebellum

Question 35

apparent oscillation of objects viewed

Answer 35

Oscillopsia

Question 36

sensation of movement, generally a feeling of rotation or spinning of self or the environment

Answer 36

vertigo

Question 37

Central and peripheral lesions

Answer 37

jerk nystagmus

Question 38

always vestibular in origin

Answer 38

unidirectional jerk nystagmus

Question 39

almost always central in origin - brainstem lesion

Answer 39

Acquired bidirectional horizontal nystagmus

Question 40

may have a rotatory component

Answer 40

pendular nystagmus

Question 41

inhibited by visual fixaton

Answer 41

peripheral nystagmus

Question 42

caused by brainstem or cerebellar strokes, neoplasms or multiple sclerosis

Answer 42

acquired pendular nystagmus

Question 43

short lasting

Answer 43

acquired peripheral nystagmus

Question 44

long lasting

Answer 44

central nystagmus

Question 45

spinning or tilting sensation of movement associated with neurologic etiology

Answer 45

True vertigo

Question 46

generally associated with CV origin

Answer 46

Lightheadedness

Presyncope

Question 47

gait disorder, orthopedic

neurologic

Answer 47

Disequilibrium

Imbalance

Question 48

lesion in Inner ear and CN VIII

Answer 48

peripheral vertigo

Question 49

Brainstem and cerebellum with other focal neurologic deficits (diplopia, visual changes, somatosensory changes, weakness, dysarthria, incoordination)

Answer 49

central vertigo

Question 50

peripheral head impulse

Answer 50

catch up saccade

Question 51

central head impulse

Answer 51

no saccade

Question 52

peripheral nystagmus

Answer 52

uni

Question 53

central nystagmus

Answer 53

bidirectional

Question 54

skew of peripheral

Answer 54

no skew

Question 55

skew of central

Answer 55

vertical skew