Auditory Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
Contains vestibulocochlear organ
A
EAR
2
Q
Consists of 3 main parts which are
A
External Middle Interana
3
Q
collects sounds
A
Auricle
4
Q
conducts sounds
to tympanic memb
A
External acoustic meatus
5
Q
Shell like part
Consists of single elastic cartilage which is continuous w/ cartilage of ext acoustic meatus
A
Auricle
6
Q
True or false: The Auricle Contains hair,sweat/sebaceous glands
Shape varies
A
True
7
Q
no cartilage, can be pierced for earring
A
Lobule`
8
Q
Auditory passage
Extends fr concha to tympanic membr[TM]
A
External Acoustic Meatus
9
Q
S shaped, 2.5 cm long
A
External Acoustic Meatus
10
Q
Composition of external meatus
A
Lateral/3 = cartilage -Medial 2/3 = bony
11
Q
True or fasle
Infants= pure cartilage
A
True
12
Q
COmposiion of Lateralpart of Meatus
A
Hair follicles
Sebaceous gl
Ceruminous gl
13
Q
Lined w/ thin skin and Isthmus
A
Medial parts
14
Q
Consricted part of medial external meatus
A
Isthmus
15
Q
Arterial supply of ear
A
1] Post auricular branch of external carotid artery
2] Deep auricular branch of
maxillary artery
3] Auricular br of superficial temporal artery
16
Q
Venous drainage ofe Aer
A
1] External jugular vein
2] Maxillary vein
3] Pterygoid plexus
17
Q
NErveSupply
A
1] Auriculotempral n fr CN V
2] Tympanic plexus fr CN VII
3] Auricular branch fr CN X
18
Q
How is Meatus directed?
A
Directed anteriorly and medially
19
Q
When doing otoscopy, how do you examine the ear?
A
Pull the ear
Superiorly
Posteriorly
Laterally
20
Q
Thin, semitransparent,oval membrane
Medial end of EAM
A
Tympanic Membrane
21
Q
Separates external from middle ear
Oblique and slopes inferomedially
Pearly gray and shiny
A
Tympanic Membrane
22
Q
Central depression of meatus formed by handleof Malleus
A
, umbo
23
Q
What is the bright are that emanates in umbo?
A
cone of light
24
Q
True or false:
The Tympanic Membrane does not move in response to air vibrations that pass to it
Vibrations are transmitted from TM by auditory ossicles through the middle ear to internal ear
A
false
Moves in response to air vibrations that pass to it
Vibrations are transmitted from TM by auditory ossicles through the middle ear to internal ear
25
Arterial Supply of Tympanic Membrane
Maxillary artery
Deep auricular a
Posterior auricular a
Tympanic branch
26
Venous Drainage of tympanic
External jugular vein
27
Nerve supplyof tympanic
Auriculotemporal n [CN V3]
28
Possible etiology of Perforation of Tympanic Membrane leadinf to deafness
Foreign Bodies
> Infection
> Excessive Pressure as in scuba diving
29
Middle ear
Narrow cavity in petrous part of temporal bone
30
Contents of middle ear
Auditory ossiscles
Stapedius
Tensor tympani
Chorda tympani
31
Anterior and Posterior connection of middle ear
Anterior: Nasopharynx
Posterosuperior: mastoid antrum
32
What are the walls of middle ear
1. Roof or Tegmental
2. Floor or Jugular
3. Lateral or Membranous
4. Medial or Labyrinthine
5. Posterior or Mastoid
6. Interior or Carotid wall
33
Roof or Tegmental is formed by?
- formed by tegmen tympani
| - separates ME fr dura
34
Floor or Jugular is fromed by?
- formed by bone
| - sep ME fr int jugular vein
35
wall of mid ear formed by tymp membr
Lateral or Membranous
36
where Semicircular ducts and cochlea are found
| -sep ME from inner ear
Medial or Labyrinthine
37
2 small window of labyrinthe
Fenestra vestibuli
| Fenestra cochlea
38
window closed by base of stapes
| -through this window, vibrations of stapes are transmitted to inner ear
Fenestra vestibuli
39
- closed by a secondary TM
| - allows perilymph to move in response to impulses
Fenestra cochlea
40
2 openings w/c connects which connect carotid with;;
1] w/ canal occupied by tensor tympani
| 2] w/ nasopharynx thru auditory tube
41
leads to mastoid antrum via an opening, aditus
| -pyramidal eminence
MAstoid wall or posterior wall of Tm
42
Funnel shaped
| Connects NP to middle ear
Auditory Tube
43
Size and composition of auditory tube
3.5 to 4.0 cm long
| 1/3 bone, 2/3 cartilage
44
Functions to Equalize pressure in middle ear w/ ATM pressure
Audiroty Tube
45
Arterrial Supple of Auditory tube
1]Ascending pharyngeal a
2]middle meningeal art
3] artery of pterygoid canal
46
Venous drainage of Auditory tube
Pterygoid plexus
47
innervated by Tympanic plexus[CN VII and IX]
Auditory tube
48
Ear bones
Form a chain across middle ear
From TM to oval window
Auditory ossicle
49
True or F of Auditory Tube:
| Function:Decrease the force but increaseamplitude of vibrations transmitted fr TM
False
| Function: Increase the force but decrease amplitude of vibrations transmitted fr TM
50
The ossicles
1] MALLEUS
2] INCUS
3] STAPES
51
rounded superior part
lies in epitympanic recess
articulates w/ incus
Head of Malleus
52
lies vs flaccid part of TM
| where chorda tympani nerve crosses
Neck of Malleues
53
What is the characteristic of handle of malleus?
embedded in TM
| where tendon of tensor tympani inserts
54
3 parts of Malleus
Head,Neck, Handle
55
3 parts of Incus
1]Body
2]Long process
3]Short process
4]Lenticular process
56
Artic w/ head of malleus
Body of incus
57
Artic w/ stapes
Lonfg process
58
Connected to tympanic cavity by a ligament
Short process
59
Artic w/ head of stapes
Lenticular proceess
60
Smallest ear bone
Stapes
61
Parts of Stapes
Base and HEad
62
fits into oval window
Base of stapes
63
artic w/ lenticular proc of incus
head of stapes
64
Muscles Moving the Ossicles and Tympanic Membrane
Tensor tympani
| Stapedius
65
- 2 cm long muscle
Tensor tympani
66
Originates from:
- cartilaginous part of auditory tube
- greater wing of sphenoid bone
- petrous part of temp bone
Tensor tynpani
67
FUnction of Tensor tympanu
pulls handle of malleus thus tenses TM
reduces amplitude of oscillation
prevents damage to int ear when exposed to loud sounds
68
Insertion of tensor tympani
Handle of Malleus
69
Innervation of T.tympani
Mandibular nerve CN V3
70
Muscle that:
Reduces oscillatory range
Prevents excessive movement of stapes
Stapedius
71
Inserts to Neck of stapes
Stapedius
72
NS of stapedius
Nerve to stapedius [CN VII]
73
-pyramidal eminence origin
Stapedius
74
Contains the vestibulocochlear organ
| Conc w/ reception of sound and maintenance of balance
Inner ear
75
Compositiion of inner ear
Consists of sacs and ducts of membranous labyrinth
76
Location of inner ear
petrous part of temporalbone
77
What does the membranous system contain
endolymph and end organs for hearing and balance
78
What structure is:
surrounded by perilymph
- suspended within bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth
79
Coposirion of BONY LABYRINTH
Composed of:
1. Cochlea
2. Vestibule
3. Semicircular canals
80
Shell like
| Contains the cochlear duct
cochlea
81
Parts of cochlea
Parts:
1. Cupula
2. Osseous spiral lamina
3. Basilar membr
4. Spiral ganglion-
5. Organ of Corti
6. Scala vestibuli-
7. Scala tympani –
82
What is the CUPULA
apex of cochlea
83
shelf of bone of cochlea
Osseous spirallamina
84
att to osl
Basilar membrane
85
conc w/ auditory perception
Organ of Corti
86
Scala vestibuli
conc w/ auditory perception
87
Scala tympani of cochlea is related to?
related to tympanic cavity at fenestra cochlea
88
Oval bony chamber
| About 5 mm
Vestibule
89
Contains utricle and saccule , w/c are parts of balancing apparatus
Vestibule
90
The vestibule is continuous with
Continuous:
1. Anteriorly w/ cochlea
2. Posteriorly w/ SCC
91
Bony canals w/c open into vestibule
| Set at right angles to each other
Semicircular canals
92
How many semicircular canals are there
3
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
93
True or false of the Semicirclar Canals
Forms 2/3 of a circle
About 1.5 mm diam except at swelling called ampulla
TRUE
94
Sacs and ducts in cavities of bony labyrinth
| Follows the form of bony labyrinth but smaller
Membranous Labyrinth
95
Contains watery fluid, endolymph
Membranous Labyrinth
96
3 parts of membranous labyrinth
1] utricle and saccule
2] 3 semicircular ducts
3] cochlear duct
97
Dilatations
| With a specialized area of sensory epithelium,macula
Utricle and Saccule
98
static organs for signaling position of the head in space
Macula
99
2 types of macula
Macula utriculi – in utricle
| Macula sacculi – in saccule
100
extensions of semicircular ducts which is a sensory area
crista ampullaris
101
True or false:
| Hairs of cristae are supplied by primary sensory neurons whose cell bodies are in audiory ganglion
false
| Hairs of cristae are supplied by primary sensory neurons whose cell bodies are in vestibular ganglion
102
Spiral, blind tube firmly fixed to cochlear canal by spiral ligament
Cochlear Duct
103
Parts of cochlear duct
Vestibular memb = roof
Basilar memb = floor
Spiral organ [of Corti] = receptor of auditory stimuli
104
= contains hair cells that respond to vibrations induced in the endolymph by sound waves
Spiral organ or corti
105
Trace the counterparts of cochlea, SC canal and Vestibule which is bony membranous and sensory organ
Bony Memb Sense organ
Cochlea Cochlear duct Organ of Corti
SC canal SC duct Crista terminalis
Vestibule Utricle/Saccule Macula
106
Narrow canal
Runs laterally for about 1 cm
Within petrous part of temporal bone
Internal Acoustic Meatus
107
True or false:
The Interan Acoustic MEatuis is open laterally by a thin, perforated plate of bone that separates it from internal ear
Through his plate pass CN 6, and 7
False:
Closed laterally by a thin, perforated plate of bone that separates it from internal ear
Through his plate pass CN VII, VIII
108
What divides near lateral end of IAM into anterior cochlear portion and posterior vestibular portion
Vestibulocochlear n
109
Trace Pathway of Sound Conduction
```
1Auricle
2 External acoustic meatus
3 Tympanic membrane
4 Ossicles [malleus,incus,stapes]
5 Perilymph vibrations
6Cochlea
7 CN VIII
8 Brain
```
110
Conditio where there is Formation of spongy bone around stapes and fenestra vestibuli
Otosclerosis
111
T or F
Otosclerosis may stop movement of base of stapes
and can cause deafness
TRUE
112
Inflammation of middle ear
| -May spread to tegmen tympani
Otitis Media
113
True or False:
| doesnt cause inflammation of meninges
Fasle:
| -Causes inflammation of meninges
114
Inflammation of external acoustic meatus
Otitis externa
115
Does otitis externa cause pain?
YES
| Movement of tragus causes pain bec cartilage in it is continuous w/ EAM
116
Forms a route through which infections pass from nasopharynx to middle ear and is blocked by swelling of its mucous membrane
Auditory tuve
117
In auditory tube,
| There is Elevation of pressure in t.c., and retraction of t.m.hence Hearing is reduced
False
Lowering of pressure in t.c., retraction of t.m.
Hearing reduced
118
Tympanic muscles have protective action
| Dampen large vibrations of t.m. from loud noises
Hyperacusia
119
What is paralyzed in hyperacusis
stapedius [lesion of CN VII results in excessive hearing
120
Results from uninhibited movement of stapes
hyperacusis
121
Spherical sinus
At temporal bone
Connected to tymp cavity by aditus
Mastoid antrum and cells
122
What separates mastoid antrum and cells fromMIDDLE cranial foosaa
Separated from middle cranial fossa by tegmen tympani
123
Result fr infection of middle ear
| During surgery, ENT shld not injure facial nerve, Drill handlers, machine operators, tractor drivers
Mastoiditis
124
Persistent exposure to loud sounds
| Causes degenerative changes in spiral organ at base of cochlea
High tone deafness
125
Injury to ear by an imbalance in pressure between surrounding air and air in middle ear
In fliers, divers, parachuters,
ototic barotrauma
