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ENT > Audiology > Flashcards

Audiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does an audiologist do?

A

Assesses, diagnoses and manages hearing impairment in adults and children

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2
Q

What causes conductive hearing loss?

A
  1. Outer ear pathologies
    - Earwax impaction in the external auditory meatus
    - microtia-abnormally small auricle
    - atresia
    - foreign body in the external auditory meatus
  2. Middle ear pathologies
    - otitis media
    - perforated eardrum
    - ossicular chain dysfunction
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3
Q

What are the causes of sensironeural hearing loss? And how do you manage these patients?

A
  • presbyacusis
  • noise induced hearing loss
  • ototoxic drugs
  • hereditary
  • You can use assistive hearing devices, hearing aids, lip reading, sign language
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4
Q

How do we test hearing?

A
  1. case history
  2. Do otoscopy to look for obstructions, discharges and perforations
  3. tympanometry to check middle ear status
  4. acoustic reflexes(to check the response of the stapedial muscle to loud intensities)
  5. Audiometry- Pure tone audiometry, conditioned play audiometry, visual reinforcement audiometry
  6. Speech testing
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5
Q

What are the electrophysiological test that can be conducted?

A
  1. Otoacoustic Emissions- observation of whether the cochlea hair cells are or not
  2. Diagnostic Auditory Brainstem response(ABR)- BABY SHOULD BE SLEEPING
  3. Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR)
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6
Q

What population group is classified as difficult to test?

A
  1. neonates
  2. babies under 6 months
  3. babies with neurological problems- CP, blind, autism,
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7
Q

What is pure tone audiometry testing?

A

The quietest level that someone can perceive sound

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8
Q

What is the air bone gap?

A

This is if bone conduction is better than air conduction and there is a difference of more than 10dB
-This will point to a conductive Hearing Loss

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9
Q

Usually which type of hearing loss is affected in low frequencies?

A

Conductive hearing loss

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10
Q

Which type of hearing loss is affected in high frequencies?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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11
Q

What are the 3 things we measure in tympanometry?

A
  1. Ear canal volume
  2. compliance
  3. pressure
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12
Q

What causes a small ECV volume and what causes a large ECV volume?

A
  1. small ECV- could be a foreign body, ear wax, atresia, stenosis, exostosis
  2. large ECV- could be perforation, patent grommet, mastoid cavity
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13
Q

What is normal ECV?

A

Between 0,4 and 2 ml

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14
Q

What is normal compliance?

A

Between 0,2 and 1,8 ml

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15
Q

What is normal pressure?

A

Between -150daPA and +50daPA

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16
Q

Explain the features of a Type A tympanogram?

A
  • Normal patients or with otosclerosis

- Normal ECV, compliance and pressure

17
Q

Explain the features of Type Ad?

A
  • High compliance, normal ECV and pressure
  • Occurs in patients with a flaccid tympanic membrane or thinning tympanic membrane or discontinuity of the ossicular chain
18
Q

Explain the features of Type As tympanogram?

A

-Decreased compliance, Normal ECV and normal pressure
-due to stiff or shallow compliance peak
-caused by post tympanoplasty and the ossicular chain has reduced mobility
-

19
Q

Explain the features of Type B tympanogram?

A
  • usually occurs in patients with otitis media(serous, mucoid, adhesive, purulent), cholesteatoma, perforation and grommets
  • compliance and pressure is usually not measured
  • Normal or abnormal ECV
20
Q

What are the features of Type C tympanogram?

A
  • Usually presents with allergies, colds, sinusitis, OME,eustachian tube dysfunction, retracted Tympanic Membrane
  • leads to Type B tympanogram
  • Compliance and ECV normal
  • Decreased pressure(below -150daPACS)
21
Q

At what age is it optimal for a baby to start wearing a hearing aid?

A
  1. 3 months
22
Q

What are the possible symptoms that a child may present with with Hearing Loss?

A
  • change in behaviour-introverted, low self esteem, aggressive, naughty,
  • fatigued
  • allergies, frequent colds, bouts of ear infections
  • shouts alot
  • drop in school performance
  • TV and radio volume loud
  • constant loud snoring
  • Asks you to repeat stuff

ENT (8 decks)

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